Active oxygen species are produced as inescapable by-products of a normal aerobic metabolism, and their production is further enhanced by exposure to certain environmental conditions, or as a result of some diseases. Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between the production of free radicals (FR) and antioxidant defenses in favor of the former, which can result from an excess of prooxidant, antioxidant deficiency or both factors. There are many kinds of FR, but these can be grouped together under the name of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS), determined by the ability of each species according to the four basic characteristics: reactivity, specificity, selectivity and diffusivity. This book aims to discuss the biological effects, role in diseases, and causes of oxidative stress. Some of the topics provided include oxidative stress in biofilms; age realtion to oxidative stress; controlling of oxidative stress in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; and the role of nitric oxide toxicity and oxidative stress in graft vs. host disease. (Imprint: Nova Biomedical)

Preface vll Chapter 1 Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Defect in Neuromuscular Disorders: Source or Symptoms? 1

Nanna Cornelius, Niels Gregersen, Zeynep Turner and Rikke K. J. Olsen

Chapter 2 Oxidative Stress in Biofilms: Causes, Role in Diseases and Biological Effects 61

Maria Gabriela Paraje

Chapter 3 Oxidative Stress and Age Related Macular Degeneration 93

N. Manresa, Ph.D., J. Mulero, Ph.D., M. Losada and P. Zafrilla, Ph.D.

Chapter 4 Traditional Chinese Medicine Exerts Cardioprotective Effects Against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury 121

Ru Tie, Wenjuan Xing, Lele Ji and Halfeng Zhang

Chapter 5 Controlling Oxidative Stress in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) 139

Akinobu Takaki, Daisuke Kawai and Kazuhide Yamamoto

Chapter 6 Current Approaches to Redox Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis 177

Elzbieta Miller, Jarosiaw Jakubik and B. Wachowicz

Chapter 7 The Role of Nitric Oxide Toxicity and Oxidative Stress in Graft vs. Host Disease 199

Osnat Almogi-Hazan, Reut Shainer, Eytan R. Barnea and Reuven Or

Chapter 8 Review of the Oxidative Stress Role in the Pathophysiology of Different Hearing Disorders: New Insight in the Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathophysiology of Otosclerosis 213

Milan Rudic, M.D., Ph.D.

Chapter 9 Oxidative Stress in Eales' Disease: An Update 233

R. Saravanan and K. N. Sulochana

Index 251

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