The education of children's and young peoples nurses remains a foremost challenge for those wishing to ensure the accuracy-arid safety of the evidence base for practice. As long ago as 1952, Twistington-Higgins in his book written to commemorate the first 100 years of The Hospital For Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London, UK, reiterates one of the original aims of the hospital dated 1852, which was: 'To disseminate among all classes of the community but chiefly among the poor a better acquaintance with the management of infants and children during illness by employing it [The Hospital] as a school for the education of women in the special duties of children's nursing'.
That initial aim of one of the early children's hospitals resonates with contemporary children's and young people's nursing and Catherine Jane Wood, one of the early matrons of The Great Ormond Street children's hospital left a tangible legacy of the importance of educating children's and young people's nurses in stating that 'Sick children require special nursing and sick children's nurses require special training' (Wood 1888). In recognition of that laudable aim this new and exciting at a Glance book has been written by experienced practitioners and educators in a common quest to capture the complexities delivering nursing practice based on best evidence.
All children's and young people's nurses share a single espirt de corps which unites them with their colleagues worldwide and although this book is primarily reflective of children's and young people's nursing in the United Kingdom, others will find it an invaluable guide to the delivery of evidence-based nursing care.
Although the prime focus of the book is to illuminate best clinical practice, my fellow editors and I hope that the format of the at a Glance series will provide quick and easy access to important care delivery information packaged in an engaging and informative style. This book will be of interest to undergraduate student nurses and existing registrants wishing to remind themselves of the complexities of children's and young people's nursing which encompasses care delivery across the lifespan of the child from birth through to the emergence of the young person and future adult. In the pages of this book you will find concise information to help you deliver that care to this wide and disparate client group that makes up the landscape of contemporary childhood.
For those students wishing to test their knowledge and understanding of the content there is a comprehensive bank of multiple choice questions on the companion website.
This book could not have been completed without the organizational expertise and help of Brenda Nash. My fellow editors and I are in her debt. Alan Glasper

Preface viii

Contributors ix

How to use your revision guide xiv

About the companion website xvii

Part 1 Assessment and screening 1

1 Assessment of the child 2

2 SBAR framework 4

3 The nursing process 6

4 Nursing models 8

5 The care plan 10

6 Record keeping 12

7 Engagement and participation of children and young people 14

8 Observation of the well child 16

9 Observation of the sick child 17

10 Septic screening 19

11 Advanced physical assessment 20

12 Developmental assessment 22

13 Paediatric Early Warning Score 24

14 Paediatric critical care 26

15 Understanding investigations 28

16 Understanding blood gas analysis 30

17 Understanding blood chemistry 32

18 Understanding pathology specimen collection 34

19 Understanding X-rays 36

20 Pulse oximetry 38

21 Central venous devices 40

22 Tracheostomy care 42

23 Infant resuscitation 44

24 Young person resuscitation 46

25 Resuscitation drugs 48

26 Emergency care 50

Part 2 Working with families 53

27 Partnership 54

28 Family centred care 56

29 Family health promotion 58

30 Communicating with children 60

31 Hospital play 62

32 Role of the community children's nurse 64

33 Collaboration with schools 66

34 Family information leaflets 68

35 Safeguarding 70

36 Fabricated or induced illness 72

37 Gaining consent or assent 73

38 Clinical holding 74

39 Breaking bad or significant news 76

40 Care of the dying child 78

41 Dealing with aggression 80

42 Minimizing the effects of hospitalization 82

43 Transition 84

Part 3 The newborn infant 87

44 Fetal development 88

45 Neonatal examination 90

46 Neonatal screening tests 92

47 The premature baby 94

48 Neonatal transport 96

49 Jaundice and hyperbilirubinaemia 98

50 Congenital heart disease 100

51 Neonatal resuscitation 102

52 Incubator/Babytherm care 104

53 Sudden infant death syndrome 106

Part 4 The developing child 109

54 Nutrition in childhood 110

55 Breastfeeding 112

56 Bottle feeding 114

57 Feed calculations 116

58 Percentile charts 118

59 Child development: 0-5 years 120

60 Child development: 5-16 years 122

61 Age-appropriate behaviours 124

62 Common behavioural problems of childhood 126

63 Adolescent development 128

64 Child health promotion 130

65 Immunity and immunization 132

66 Childhood immunizations 134

Part 5 Child heath policy 137

67 Child health policy 138

68 The rights of children in hospital 140

69 The NHS Change Model 142

70 Young person policy 144

71 Child disability policy 146

Part 6 Nursing the sick child and young person 140

72 Pain assessment 150

73 Pain management 152

74 Preoperative preparation 154

75 Postoperative care 156

76 Pressure area care 158

77 Managing fluid balance 160

78 Administering medication 162

79 Drug calculations 164

80 Enteral and nasogastric feeding 166

81 The feverish child 168

82 Infectious childhood diseases 170

83 Assessing infectious diseases 172

84 Prevention of infection 174

85 Hyponatraemia and its prevention 176

86 Thermal injuries 178

87 Childhood fractures 180

88 Plaster care 182

89 Traction care 184

90 Neurovascular observations 186

91 Neurological problems 188

92 Brain injury and coma 190

93 Seizures 192

94 Meningitis 194

95 Septicaemia 196

96 Respiratory problems 198

97 Asthma 200

98 CPAP and BiPAP 202

99 Cardiovascular assessment and shock 204

100 Inflammatory bowel disease 206

101 Gastro-oesophageal reflux 208

102 Coeliac disease 210

103 Appendicitis 212

104 Constipation 214

105 Renal problems 216

106 Haematological problems 218

107 Musculoskeletal problems 220

108 Reproductive and sexual problems 222

109 Skin conditions 224

110 Atopic eczema 226

Part 7 Chronic and life-limiting conditions 229

111 Living with chronic illness 230

112 Cystic fibrosis management 232

113 Juvenile idiopathic arthritis 234

114 Epilepsy 236

115 Childhood cancer 238

116 Cleft lip and palate 240

117 Diabetes 242

118 Diabetes management 244

119 Childhood obesity 246

120 Eating disorders 248

121 Mental health problems 250

122 Self-harm in childhood 252

123 What is a learning disability? 254

124 Autistic spectrum disorder 256

125 Communicating with the child who has a learning disability 258

126 Positive behavioural support 260

127 Atrioventricular septal defect in children with learning disability 262

128 Genetic conditions: Down's syndrome 264

129 Other genetic conditions 266

References and Further reading 268

Index 275

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