Preface vii

1. Introduction Polymer • Polymer Chemistry • Polymer Physics 1

2. Polymer Characterization Antimicrobial Polymer • Biodegradable Polymer 22

3. Applications of Polymers Plastic Surgery • Polyaminopropyl Biguanide • Polyanhydrides • Polybutadiene • Polybutene • Polybutylene • Polycarbonate • Polycatenane • Poly DAD MAC • Polydicyclopentadiene • Poly electrolyte • Polyether Block Amide 31

4. Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers Superabsorbent Polymer • Current Synthesis • Supramolecular Polymers • Synthetic Biodegradable Polymer • Telechelic Polymer • Thermose t Polymer Mat rices • Weather Testing of Polymers • High Refractive Index Polymers 63

5. Polymer Weathering Fire-Safe Polymers • Fluoropolymer 82

6. Polymer Engineering Polymer Nanocomposite • Copolymer • Thermoplastic Elastomer • Polymer Blend • Polymer Ratio • Polymer Separators • Polymer Substrate 92

7. Degradation Process in Polymers Polyolefins • Polystyrenes and Polyacrylics • Polyesters • Polyamides and Polyimides • Silicone Polymers • Polyurethanes and Rubbers • Poly(vinyl halides) • Photoabla tion of Polymers • Nat ural Polymers • Miscellaneous Polymers • Phot ostabiliza tion of Polymers • Photo chemistry of Dyed and Pigmented Polymers 116

8. Polymer Photochemistry Photopolymerization • Photoinitiated Addition Polymerization • Photocrosslinking • Pho to grafting • Luminescence and Optical Properties 124

9. Organic Compounds and Polymers Isomers • Organic Families and Their Functional Groups • Functional Groups and Polar Reactants • The Symbol R in Structural Formulas • Open-Chain and Ring Compounds • Structure and Physical Properties • Effects of Molecular Size on Physical Properties • Hydrocarbons • Alkanes • IUPAC System of Naming Alkanes • Alkenes and Alkynes • IUPAC Naming of Alkenes • Geometric Isomerism Among the Alkenes • Aromatic Hydrocarbons • Alcohols and Ethers, Organic Derivatives of Water • IUPAC Names of Alcohols • Major Reactions of Alcohols and Ethers • Oxidation Reactions of Alcohols • Dehydration Reactions of Alcohols • Substitution Reactions of Alcohols • Amines, Organic Derivatives of Ammonia • Carbonyl Compounds • Aldehydes and Ketones • Carboxylic Acids • Esters of Carboxylic Acids • Hydrolysis and Saponification of Esters • Amides of Carboxylic Acids • Organic Polymers • Effect of Size and Geometry on Properties • Polymers and Physical Properties • Polyesters and Polyamides 165

10. Bonding Forces in Water Lewis Structure • Construction • Placing Electrons • Polarized Light • FresneFs Theory • Electromagnetic Theory • Mechanical Models ofthe Electromagnetic Medium • Theories of MacCullagh • Optical Properties of Ponderable Bodies • Various Kinds of Light -motion • Velocity of Ligh t • Wave-surface • Theory of Huygens • Nature of Light • History of Light • Ray Optics • Reflection • Images Formed by a Plane Mirror • Explanation of Reflection and Refrac tion • New Hypo theses in the Corpuscular Theory • The Corpuscular Theory • Light as a Wave • Wavelength • Speed of Propogation • Frequency and Period • General Theorems on Rays • Phenomena of Interference and Diffirac tion • Results of La ter Ma thematical Theory • Rays of Light 194

11. Polymer Typology Biopolymers Versus Polymers • Conventions and Nomenclature • Conduc tive Polymer • Molecular Basis of Elec trical Conductivity • Coordination Polymers • Dendronized Polymer • Electroactive Polymers • Forensic Polymer Engineering • Functional Polymers • Glycopolymer • In Situ Polymerization • Ionic Polymer-Metai Compos辻e • Liquid Crystai Polymer • Molecular Imprinted Polymer • Polyhydridocarbyne • Polymethylsilyne • PolyN-isopropylacrylamide • Polyacrylic Acid • PolyaIkylimide 235

Bibliography 267

Index 271

Michael Gonzalez is Dean and Professor of Chemistry at School of Chemistry, New York. He obtained Ph.D.from Harvard University in Chemical Physics and B.Sc.from University of California in Chemistry. His areas of interest are: Metal oxides/Metal overlayers,Crystallography,Reactivity/Catalysis,STM/Atomic force microscopy,Synchrotron radiation,Diffraction.Dr. Gonzalez's has to his credit authored many books.

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