Water is an important element of ancient as well as modern human life in several ways.It supports vegetation,crops and aquatic life; it supports industrial operations, trade, transport,and commerce; and finally,it supports mundane to occasional deeds like bathing and recreation;and importantly it also serves as a sink to several wastes. Fresh water deserves special mention, as it supports most of the human needs and is unevenly distributed on the surface of earth as well as in atmosphere.Rivrrg water is an important and dominant form of fresh water that needs particular attention.Historically,it is this importance of water resource that led to concentration and development of societies along sources of water,and they flourished, where water is available in plenty.This pattern of development has been further catalysed by the emergence of urban areas having all types of industry,agriculture and livestock,trade and commerce services.When urban growth gets accentuated by the expansion of industrial and service sector activities,the demand for water exceeds availability of local or nearby water resources;this,in turn,affects the allocation to various uses of water.
The ground water mining taking place in the region was well established in the physical accounts.As ground water is a replenishable resource that needs to be consumed at the sustainable levels,it is imperative to avoid its excessive use.The costs of the excessive use or mining were evaluated in a hypothetical manner i.e.how much it would cost to provide a similar amount of water to cater to the drinking water needs,which are the dominant use in NCT-Delhi.As already,there existed proposnls for construction of dams in the upstream areas to bring water to Delhi,we looked at the nearer and economical dam proposition.The capital costs of dam construction were apportioned to the drinking water use through the alloeation made for this out of the total water supply and then to the proportion of replacement to be made.Similarly.the conveyance costs were calculated for the given flow speed and conveyance rate using the distance to be covered and the pipeline unit costs.A similar method has been used to arrive at the costs of water detention in the storage tanks and water supply distribution using a hypothetical distribution network.These capital costs were then annualized using a physical capital depreciation rate of 10% and different life times of the structures e.g.,100 years for dam,50 years for pipeline and detention tanks,and 30 years for water distribution system.
The ground water mining has not only resulted in quantitative decline,but also quality degradation,the avoidance costs of which also need to be estimated.The treatment costs of water to bring back to the desired water supply quality standards using reverse osmosis treatment method was done with the help of unit capital costs of treatment of water and the unit operation and maintenance costs.The annualized costs and annual operation and maintenance costs gave rise to the avoidance costs of ground water quality degradation for the quantity of ground water depletion in NCT-Delhi.The valuation methods described above enunciate the methods utilized for arriving at the economic values of the water resource,whose physical status was depicted in the physical accounts.The monetized accounts make use of the physical accounts and economic valuation principles to summarize the water resources status in monetary terms.
The book presents a very systematic presentation of the subject matter in simple and lucid language.Therefore,this book is of vital academic as well as national importance.

Preface vii

1. The Future Global Water Balance 1

Utilizing a Wall-size Display · Effectiveness of Methods for Presenting Uncertainty ·Improvement to the Water Balance Model ·Operational Hydrology Through Web-based Cartography ·Importance of Monitoring ·Basic Data,Data Sources,and Data Management ·Design Considerations and Methodology

2. Developing an Interdisciplinary Watershed Field Science 36

Sustainable Water Resource Management·Water Resources ·Water Consumption In Israel and Palestine·Water and the Oslo Agreement + Prerequisites for a Sustainable Water

Agreement Between Israel and Palestine ·Toward a Solution ·Agreement on the Allocation of Available Water Resources ·The Krasnoyarsk Krai in Sustainable Water Management Indices ·Indices of Sustainable Water Management for Yenisei River Basin

3. Regional Water Resource Management A Case Study of Yamuna River Sub-basin 79

Natural Resources Accounting(NRA)· Water Resource Inventory·Wastewater Discharge Accounts in Yamuna River Sub-basin·Groundwater Mining in Yamuna River Sub-basin ·Avoidance Costs of Wastewater Discharges

4. Water-Resources Management in the San Pedro Basin 92

The Case of the San Pedro Basin·Water Issues·Organizational Constraints·Representation of Stakeholder Interests · Implications

5.Western Water Policy Reform 106

A Monument to Western Water Poliey ·Fundamental Principles of Water Law · Watershed Governance:From Political to Natural Boundaries ·Sustainable Land Resource Management:A Case Study in Chiang mai Province,Thailand ·Agriculture Development in Chiang Mai

6. Water Resources and Distribution 141

Systems Analysis Methods:Multi-objective Planning·Major Planning Issues: Resolution Needed ·Water Consumption and Waste ·The Benefits of Source Metering

7. Water Crisis: The Need for Immediate Ratification of the Great Lakes 162

Abundance of Water but Still Vulnerable ·Legislation Protecting the Great Lakes from Diversions Outside of its Basin·Individual State Concerns for the Benefit of the Great Lakes Region

8. Effects of Land use on Water Quality 184

LULC Variations and Transitions·Water Quality Variations · Effects of Land use on Water Quality·Visible Efforts and Invisible Effects·Water Quality Issues·Indianapolis Urban Water Quality Issues ·Environmental Service Learning Program at IUPUI ·Lessons Learned

9.Perspectives on Water and Policy 206

Anthropology and Policy in Global Context ·The Research-policy Cycle·Anthropology and the Research-policy Cycle ·Water as Local Resource,Water as Global Resource·Water Markets ·Water Banks ·Sustainable Management ·Reorienting the Debate:Three Crises Rolled into One ·Clarifying the Global Dimensions of Water Scarcity·Global Awareness and Global Solutions

10. Water Literature's Misplaced Dependence upon Customary International Law 245

Relevant Sources of International Water Law·Reliance upon Customary International Water Law·Global Trade and Water ·China's WTO Accession and Agriculture·Water and Projected Crop Production in China

Bibliography 273

Index 277

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