In the late 1980s the National Trust for Historic Preservation (U.S.) embraced a concept called embodied energy. Spawned from the oil embargo of the late 70s, this concept was based on the assertion that the accumulated labor, transport, materials manufacturing, and erection of our buildings represented captured energy, and that preserving and reusing existing buildings was among the most effective forms of energy conservation. The concept never gained ground within or outside of preserva-tion circles, principally because the best reasons for preserving buildings—their archi-tectural or historic merit—are far more compelling than that of not wasting energy by demolishing them.
In some ways, the original arguments for recycling construction and demolition waste ran along the same fault lines. Proponents argued, with good cause, that recy-cling C&D waste was the right thing to do for society and the environment. The moral argument was undeniable, but in the early days of C&D recycling few markets existed outside of scrap metal for the materials generated in the demolition of a building. Absent the economic impetus, the social arguments for recycling were simply not enough to compel change in our long-standing "throw-away" culture. Contracting is a competitive business, and until the landfills and incinerators of America became too expensive and politically unpalatable for communities to tolerate, they were the preferred and least costly way of disposing of our nation's large stream of C&D waste. In this sense, the demolition and contracting industries were a reflection of society at large. Thankfully, society and the contracting profession have changed. Recycling is now the preferred, and often required, means of handling waste from construction sites.
This happened because the public became more accepting of purchasing manufac-tured goods with recycled content. Manufacturers recognized this acceptance, as well as the public goodwill that using recycling content in their products generated, and developed more innovative ways to use waste material. It also happened because of a gradual shift in the economics of waste management. Contractors learned how to better manage, sort, and process material on their jobsites to make it more marketable. Recyclers became more sophisticated in separating single-stream materials and in pro-cessing waste to manufacturer's specifications. Manufacturers learned that recycled content yielded economic and marketing benefits, and consumers realized they could buy recycled-content products with confidence. Recycling markets for C&D waste have grown dramatically in the past decade, and continue to expand even in economic hard times.
For that reason the market sections of this book, or any book on recycling waste, are a snapshot in time of a continuously changing landscape.

Foreword xiii

Preface xv

Acknowledgments xvii

Chapter 1 Recycling Waste： The Fundamentals 1

The Reasons to Recycle 1

The Waste Management Streams 4

The Economic Case 7

All About LEED and Other Certifications 8

The Choice of Method 10

The Recycling Method 14

Buy Recycled Products 17

Summary 17

References 17

Chapter 2 Recycling Construction & Demolition Waste：The Basic Tools 19

Basic Elements of Construction Waste Management 19

Types of Recycling and Reuse： The Rs 19

The Jobsite Recycling Center 23

Team Management 27

The Importance of Training 29

Transportation of Recycled Materials 31

Hazardous Materials 32

Automated Equipment 35

Summary 36

Reference 37

Chapter 3 Recycling New Construction Waste 39

Waste Assessment 40

Waste Assessment Rules of Thumb 43

Waste Types 46

Residential Construction Waste Management 53

Summary 55

References 56

Chapter 4 Recycling Demolition Waste 57

The Site Audit 57

The Market Audit 65

Demolition Recyclables 65

Hazardous Waste 80

Summary 86

Reference 86

Chapter 5 Reuse of Existing Materials 87

ABC: Asphalt, Brick, and Concrete Recycling 88

Insulation 90

Structural Steel 91

Open-Web Joists and Miscellaneous Steel 92

Wood Framing and Heavy Timber 92

Finishes 93

Architectural Woodwork 94

Glass 94

Plastics and Composites 95 Rubber (Tires) 96

Asphalt Roofing Shingles 96

Gypsum Wallboard 98

Wood 98

Reference 98

Chapter 6 The Recycling Waste Management Plan 99

Create the Plan 99

Define the Goals 100

Define the Waste Products 100

Plan the Work 101 Educate Subcontractors and Suppliers 102

Recycling Zone Management 104

Identify the Markets 109

Calculate the Savings 110

Problem Solving 110

Tips for Effective Management 112

Waste Management Plan Checklist 113

Draft Waste Management Compliance Document 115

Summary 116

Chapter 7 Compliance Connection 119

Waste Management Credits Under LEED 121

Innovation and Design Process Credits 127

Waste Management Policy Compliance 127

References 128

Chapter 8 Other Green Certification and Code Programs 129

International Code Council Evaluation Service (ICC-ES) Sustainable Attributes Verification and Evaluation™ (SAVE™) Program 129 International Code Council (ICC) International Green Construction Code (IGCC) 131

National Association of Homebuilders (NAHB) Green Building Program 131

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Energy Star Program 133

National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) Whole Building Design Guide 133

Green Building Initiative Green Globes® Program 134

Florida Green Home and Green Commercial Buildings Standards 135 GreenPoint Rated New Home Program (California) 136

U.S. State Green Building and Energy-Efficiency Programs 137 International Programs 139

References 140

Chapter 9 Documenting Compliance 141

Contractor-Generated Information 142

Outside Information Management 146

Special Items Documentation 148

Chapter 10 Waste Management in the Construction Documents 151

Specifications 153

Drawing Information 155

Site Plan Information 156

Chapter 11 Marketing Construction Site Recycling 159

Recycling Marketing and Public Relations 159

Marketing to the Public 163

Marketing to Recyclers 166

Recycling of Unusual Materials 168

References 175

Chapter 12 Resources 177

Contaminants in C&D Waste 177

Equipment 179 Salvage Materials Checklist 188

Density Conversion Factors 189

Appendix A Government and Industry Links 199

Web Resources 199

State and Municipal Government Resources 199

General Resources 210

National Recyclers 213

Appendix B Glossary 217

Index 219

Greg Winkler, AIA, LEED AP, has over 27 years of experience as a practicing archi-tect and owner's representative on commercial, industrial, and institutional projects. A graduate of the Georgia Institute of Technology, Mr. Winkler has participated in construction projects as a design professional, design-builder, and owner's agent. This perspective gives him a pragmatic view of the possibilities—and pitfalls—of construction waste management.PA\Mr. Winkler currently works as the director of a regional construction trade organization. He is the co-author of McGraw-Hill's Construction Administration for Architects, a desktop guide for design professionals during construction.

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