Fields of knowledge exist and advance because we find beauty and joy within them.
This volume attempts the dual task of providing a firm foundation for neuroimaging diagnosis and then illustrating the promise of things to come. It teaches the basics and then asks, "What's next?" and "Why not more?"
For the first task, we have carefully selected material and tailored discussions to teach the "core knowledge" that is the foundation for future growth. In this endeavor, we have tried to balance brevity with thoroughness, for efficient learning.
The initial sections of the text present concisely the techniques used for neuroimaging and systems for analyzing the densities and signal intensities of the images made. Following sections address in detail the anatomic bases for the images with extensive correlations to fresh and formalin-fixed human brain tissue. In sequence, serial sections then review the pathology and imaging of cerebrovascular disease, trauma, tumors and cysts, infection and inflammation, aging and degeneration, toxic and metabolic diseases, hydrocephalus, and epilepsy. In each section, data are presented in parallel format for completeness and ease of review. Where appropriate, illustrative cases and sample reports conclude each chapter.
The authors specifically include clinical and pathologic data for each entity, so reader's may see how the imaging features explain the presentation and evolution of the clinical cases. With this understanding, they may discuss cases with clinical colleagues more usefully and provide more informed care to then-patients. Since the book illustrates how neuroradiol-ogy aids patient care and contributes to scientific endeavor in all sister specialties, it is appropriate for all trainees and practitioners in the allied neurosciences—radiologists and neurora-diologists, neurologists and neurosurgeons, psychiatrists and neuroscientists.
For the second task, the authors have deliberately chosen to include novel material that entices, stimulates, or frankly confounds. All of us entered neuroradiology precisely because of what we did not know. We found joy in the challenge of puzzles to solve and satisfaction in the greater understanding that followed their solution. Decades later, we know vastly more, but still delight most in the puzzles ahead and the new questions posed by yesterday's solutions.
The authors and editors of this volume are all teachers, internationally recognized for their excellence in science and education. As teachers, we hope that this volume will help you to share in the beauty and joy we find in neuroradiology. We hope you may build upon the foundation we provide, accept the challenge of the unknown, and grow beyond us to advance the field into the future. We wish you—and your patients—every success. Thomas P. Naidich

SECTION ONE: TECHNIQUES FOR IMAGING

chapter 1 Static Anatomic Techniques 3

Jane J. Kim and Pratik Mukherjee

chapter 2 Dynamic Functional and Physiological Techniques 23

Soonmee Cha

SECTION TWO: IMAGE AND PATTERN ANALYSIS

chapter 3 Analysis of Density, Signal Intensity, and Echogenicity 45

Christopher Paul Hess and Derk D. Purcell

chapter 4 Analysis of Mass Effect 67

Ellen E. Parker

chapter 5 Patterns of Contrast Enhancement 79

James G. Smirniotopoulos, Alice B. Smith, John H. Rees, and Frances M. Murphy

SECTION THREE: SCALP, SKULL,AND MENINGES

chapter 6 Scalp 99

Yoav Parag, Thomas P. Naidich, and Patrick O. Emanuel

CHAPTER 7 Skull 100

A. Orlando Ortiz

chapter 8 Cranial Meninges 101

Merav W. Galper, Thomas P. Naidich, George M. Kleinman, Evan G. Stein, and Patrick A. Lento

SECTION FOUR: NORMAL BRAIN ANATOMY

Supratentorial Brain

chapter 9 Surface Anatomy of the Cerebrum 127

Thomas P. Naidich, Cheuk Ying Tang, Johnny C. Ng, and Bradley N. Delman

chapter 10 Cerebral Cortex 154

Thomas P. Naidich, Esther A. Nimchinsky, and Pedro Pasik

chapter 11 Deep Gray Nuclei and Related Fiber Tracts 174

Thomas P. Naidrch, Johnny C. Ng, John D. Waselus, Bradley N. Delman, and Cheuk Ying Tang

chapter 12 White Matter 205

Thomas P. Naidich, Niklaus Krayenbuhl, Spyros Kollias, Pascal Bou-Haidar, Avraham Y. Bluestone, and David M. Carpenter

chapter 13 Ventricles and Intracranial Subarachnoid Spaces 245

Jose C. Rios, Merav W. Galper, and Thomas P. Naidich

chapter 14 Sella Turcica and Pituitary Gland 272

Vinodkumar Velayudhan, Michael D. Luttrull, and Thomas P. Naidich

Infratentarial Brain

chapter 15 Brain Stem 297

Thomas P. Naidich, Bradley N. Delman, Mary Elizabeth Fowkes, Mark E. Smethurst, Jonathan D. Steinberger, Amish H. Doshi, Cheuk Ying Tang, and Pedro Pasik

chapter 16 Cerebellum 328

Thomas P. Naidich, Evan G. Stein, Patrick A. Lento, George M. Kleinman, Mary Elizabeth Fowkes, and David M. Carpenter

chapter 17 Cranial Nerves 348

Jennifer Linn

SECTION FIVE: CEREBROVASCULAR ANATOMY AND DISEASE

chapter 18 Normal Vascular Anatomy 371

Amish H. Doshi, Amit Aggarwal, and Aman B, Patel

chapter 19 Intracranial Hemorrhage 387

Robert D, Zimmerman and Austin D. Jou

chapter 20 Atherosclerosis and the Chronology of Infarction 399

Richard Ivan Aviv, Richard Bitar, Laurent Letourneau-Gurllon, Robert Yeung, Sean P. Symons, and Allan J. Fox

chapter 21 Other Arteriopathies 451

Richard Ivan Aviv, Laurent Letourneau-Guillon, Sean P. Symons, and Allan J. Fox

chapter 22 Venous Occlusive Disease 470

Edward D, Greenberg and Robert D. Zimmerman

chapter 23 Aneurysms 483

Timo Krings, Sasikhan Geibprasert, Vitor M. Pereira, Pakorn Jiarakongmun, Sirintara Pongpech, and Pierre L Lasjaunias

chapter 24 Vascular Malformations 529

Timo Krings, Sasikhan Geibprasert, Vitor M. Pereira.,Sirintara Pongpech, Pakorn Jiarakongmun, and Pierre L. Lasjaunias

SECTION SIX: CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA

chapter 25 Fracture and Hemorrhage 571

Raymond Francis Carmody

chapter 26 Vascular Injury and Parenchyma) Changes 603

Raymond Francis Carmody

SECTION SEVEN: CYSTS AND TUMORS

chapter 27 Intracranial Cysts and Cyst-Like Lesions 629

Cheng-Hong Toh and Mauricio Castillo

chapter 28 Neuroepithelial Cysts, Porencephaly, and Perivascular Spaces 630

Lome Rosenbloom and Thomas P. Naidich

chapter 29 Overview of Adult Primary Neoplasms and Metastatic Disease 631

James G. Smirniotopoulos, Alice B. Smith, John H. Rees, and Frances M. Murphy

chapter 30 Meningeal Neoplasms 642

John H. Rees

chapter 31 Vascular and Hematopoietic Neoplasms 679

Benjamin C. Lee

chapter 32 Intra-Axial Neoplasms 692

Alice B. Smith and James G. Smirniotopoulos

chapter 33 Sellar and Juxtasellar Tumors 728

Alice B. Smith and Soonmee Cha

chapter 34 Pineal Region Masses 754

John H. Rees and James G. Smimiotopoulos

chapter 35 Posterior Fossa Intra-Axial Tumors 786

Blaise V.Jones

chapter 36 Cerebellopontine Angle and Internal Auditory Canal Neoplasms 802

Alice B. Smith and James G. Smirniotopoulos

chapter 37 Tumors of the Cranial, Spinal Nerves 826

Marc Taiwo Awobuluyi

chapter 38 Management of the Tumor Patient 837

Nicholas Butowski

SECTION EIGHT: THE PHAKOMATOSES

chapter 39 Phakomatoses: Tumor Suppression Gene Defects 841

Noriko Aida, Tetsu Niwa, and Gen Nishimura

SECTION NINE: INFECTION AND INFLAMMATION

chapter 40 Meningitis and Ventriculitis 865

Majda M. Thurnher

chapter 41 Pyogens, Mycobacteria, and Fungus 877

Majda M. Thurnher

chapter 42 Other Infections of the Brain 889

Majda M. Thurnher

chapter 43 Multiple Sclerosis and Other Idiopathic Inflammatory-Demyelinating Diseases 909

Alex Rovrra and Xavier Montalban

chapter 44 Neurotoxicity Associated with Pediatric Malignancies 944

Nancy K. Rollins

SECTION TEN: AGING AND DEGENERATION

chapter 45 Neurodegeneration: Cerebrum 947

Basil H. Ridha and Tarek A. Yousry

chapter 46 Neurodegeneration: Cerebellum and Brain Stem 948

Luke A. Massey and Tarek A. Yousry

SECTION ELEVEN: TOXIC AND METABOLIC CONDITIONS

chapter 47 Toxic and Metabolic Brain Disease 951

Benjamin Y. Huang

SECTION TWELVE: HYDROCEPHALUS

chapter 48 Classical Concepts of Hydrocephalus 975

Ramon E. Figueroa

chapter 49 Emerging Concepts of Cerbrospinal Fluid Physiology and Communicating Hydrocephalus 976

Thomas P. Naidich

SECTION THIRTEEN: EPILEPSY

chapter 50 Epilepsy 979

Puneet S. Pawha, John L Ritter, and Richard A. Bronen

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