This is the first in a series of three volumes on Australian Coleoptera. It is based in part on Lawrence and Britton (1994), which, in turn, was an expanded version of the chapter on Coleóptera in the Insects of Australia (Lawrence and Britton 1991). It differs from the 1994 book in the following respects: (1) the family sections are greatly expanded, with the abbreviated family diagnoses replaced by full descriptions of adults and larvae, comments added on the world distribution of each family, and a complete list included of Australian genera with their authors; (2) the section on fossil history is expanded to include all significant fossil literature on Coleóptera from various regions, but with an emphasis on the Mesozoic Era; and (3) ~1175 figures are included of adults, larvae and anatomical structures. The volume contains keys to all families and many subfamilies, tribes and distinctive genera, based on adults and larvae (292 and 281 couplets, respectively), but there are no subfamily or tribal keys included in the family sections. The following abbreviations throughout the text and keys for Australian states and territories: ACT (Australian Capital Territory), NSW (New South Wales), NT (Northern Territory), QLD (Queensland), SA (South Australia), VIC (Victoria) and WA (Western Australia).
Volumes 2 and 3 of this series will be multiauthored with invited specialists from various parts of the world providing sections similar to those in Arnett and Thomas (2001) and Arnett et al. (2002), with adult keys to all genera occurring in Australia and some subfamily or tribal keys based on larvae when possible. It is planned that Volume 2 will include Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Hydrophiloidea, Staphylinoidea and Scarabaeoidea, and Volume 3 will include Scirtoidea, Dascilloidea, Buprestoidea Byrrhoidea, Elateroidea, Derodontoidea, Bostrichoidea, Lymex-yloidea, Cleroidea, Cucujoidea, Tenebrionoidea and Chrysome-loidea. Curculionoidea will not be covered in these volumes, since some curculionoid families have been treated in the published volumes of Australian Weevils (Zimmerman 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994a, 1994b) and others will be covered in further volumes authored by R. G. Oberprieler.

PREFACE vii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS viii

1. INTRODUCTION 1

Fossil History 4

Australian Beetles and Their Habitats 8

      Vegetative Surfaces - Forest Canopy 8

      Flowers and Male Cones - Pollen-Feeding 8

      Cones, Seeds and Seed Pods 9

      Bark and Wood Surfaces 9

      Subcortical Habitats - Under Bark of Living and Dead Trees and Logs 10

      Living and Dead Wood - Wood Borers 11

      Herbaceous Plant Tissue - Stem Borers, Gall Makers and Leaf Miners 11

      Palm Fronds 12

      Leaf Litter and Ground Debris 12

      Animal Nests 13

      Caves 13

      Grasses and Grasslands 13

      Soil 13

      Dung 14

      Carrion 14

      Fungal Fruiting Bodies 14

      Myxomycetes 14

      Ascomycetes (particularly Xylariaceae) 14

      Wood-Rotting Mushrooms and Bracket Fungi 14

      Ground Mushrooms, Puffballs and Stinkhoms 15

      Hypogean Fruiting Bodies 15

      Marine and Freshwater Littoral Zones 15

      Standing Fresh Water (Lentic Habitats) 15

      Subterranean Aquifers 16

      Moving Fresh Water - Lotic and Hygropetric Habitats 16

Collecting Beetles 16

      Beating and Brushing 16

      Sweeping 16

      Sifting Litter and Other Debris 16

      Litter Extraction 29

      Pitfall Traps 29

      Light Sheets and Light Traps 29

      Flight Interception 29

      Canopy Fogging 29

Adult Morphology 30

      Body Form and Size 30

      Cuticle and Surface Features 30

      Head Capsule 30

      Antennae 35

      Mandibles 35

      Ventral Mouthparts 36

      Prothorax 36

      Pterothorax and Elytra 43

      Hind Wings 46

      Legs 51

      Abdomen 52

      Male Genitalia 52

      Female Genitaia 61

      Musculature 62

      Internal Anatomy 62

      Karyotype 63

Larval Morphology 63

      Body Form 63

      Cuticle and Surface Features 64

      Head Capsule 67

      Stemmata 72

      Labrum 72

      Antennae 72

      Mandibles 73

      Ventral Mouthparts 81

      Thorax 83

      Abdomen 85

      Abdominal Apex 85

      Respiratory Modifications 87

Eggs 89

Pupae 89

Biology 90

      General 90

      Symbiotic Relationships 90

      Defensive Adaptations 91

      Reproduction and Life History 91

      Natural Enemies 92

      Economic Significance 92

Special Features of the Australian Fauna 93

2. CLASSIFICATION AND KEYS 95

Classification 95

List of Beetle Families 96

Adult Key 98

Larval Key 117

3. FAMILY TREATMENTS 145

Archostemata 145

Myxophaga 149

Adephaga 152

Polyphaga 169

      Staphyliniformia 169

      Hydrophiloidea 170

      Staphylinoidea 177

      Scarabaeiformia 192

      Scirtiformia 210

      Elateriformia 215

      Dascilloidea 216

      Buprestoidea 220

      Byrrhoidea 223

      Elateroidea 240

      Derodontiformia 272

      Bostrichiformia 276

      Cucujiformia 283

      Lymexyloidea 283

      Cleroidea 285

      Cucujoidea 295

      Tenebrionoidea 343

      Chrysomeloidea 383

      Curculionoidea 395

REFERENCES 433

INDEX 499

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