The publishing business is in the midst of a revolution. It's a brave new world! Authors, readers, and publishers are caught in the torrents of this transformation. All are confronted by the impact of the Internet and other electronic communications on traditional paper publications. Newspapers and magazines were the first to be affected, but fiction and non-fiction literature was soon to follow. None is spared. Even standard scientific textbooks are affected.
Only dauntless souls take on new ventures in this environment. What should the author write? In what electronic and paper formats should a publisher publish? And what is the reader likely to buy? At this time there are no commonly accepted or recognized standards. It's a dilemma. You're on your own.
In the case of the authors and publishers of the second edition of Musculoskeletal Imaging, the problem is compounded. In 2008 they produced and published the initial edition of what has become a highly regarded and genuinely useful text devoted to the entire field of musculoskeletal imaging. The two-volume first edition was immediately recognized as an instant classic. Since then, however, significant advances in musculoskeletal imaging—particularly in MRI and CT—have occurred, and the authors realized that revisions in the original text incorporating the new developments in the field would be necessary to ke epthe book up to date and in line with current practice.
The authors and publishers further appreciated the rapidly developing role that electronic and online sources have begun to play in the everyday educational and working environments of radiologists. Therefore they decided to develop an electronic, online resource to complement the print edition.
The principal advantages of print are permanence and portability. Once printed, there can be no changes in the text or illustrations. The disadvantages are cost to produce and purchase the print edition and limitations as to the amount of material, illustrations, and text that print books may contain; the more material included, the more expensive the book. A distinct disadvantage for radiology is the limitation on the number, size, and quality of images that may be included in the printed text; the larger the images and the higher their quality, the greater the costs involved.
The electronic format has been shown to have at least three distinct advantages. First among them is a lower cost to produce and purchase the material, as well as the potential to include much more content at a given cost. Second, there is the advantage of the convenience of immediate online access at the reading desk or wherever you might be at home or away while interpreting clinical studies. Finally, electronic formats allow images that are of the highest quality and are significantly larger than is possible in print.
What is the best way to combine and accommodate an electronic, online resource with a newly revised print edition? The authors devised a specific and separate vision for both the print and the electronic versions of the book.
The printed textbook is focused on core material; it is a quick, go-to reference for the clinical radiologist and contains the book's most essential information in a condensed, abbreviated form, emphasizing the clinical features of disease, the appropriate imaging to be obtained, and the particular imaging characteristics of each disease or condition.

      1 General Imaging Principles 1

PART 1 INJURY

SECTION ONE AXIAL SKELETON

      2 General Principles of Osseous Injury 13

      3 Imaging of Facial and Skull Trauma 21

      4 Cervical Spine Injuries 32

      5 Injury of the Thoracic Cage and Thoracolumbar Spine 60

SECTION TWO APPENDICULAR SKELETON Upper Extremities

      6 Normal Shoulder 70

      7 Osseous Injuries of the Shoulder Girdle 87

      8 Shoulder Impingement Syndromes 99

      9 Glenohumeral Instability 119

      10 Normal Elbow 134

      11 Acute Osseous Injury of the Elbow and Forearm 148

      12 Soft Tissue Injury to the Elbow 157

      13 Normal Wrist 169

      14 Acute Osseous Injury to the Wrist 183

      15 Internal Derangement of the Wrist 189

      16 Acute Osseous Trauma to the Hand 207

      17 Compressive and Entrapment Neuropathies of the Upper Extremities 214

      18 Soft Tissue Injuries of the Hand and Wrist 224

Lower Extremities

      19 Normal Pelvis and Hip 244

      20 Acute Osseous Injury to the Pelvis and Acetabulum 254

      21 Athletic Pubalgja 275

      22 Acute Osseous Injury to the Hip and Proximal Femur 284

      23 Internal Derangement of the Hip and Proximal Femur 307

      24 Normal Knee 324

      25 Acute Osseous Injury to the Knee 333

      26 Internal Derangement of the Knee: Meniscal Injuries 350

      27 Internal Derangement of the Knee: Ligament Injuries 364

      28 Internal Derangement of the Knee: Tendon Injuries 379

      29 Internal Derangement of the Knee: Cartilage and Osteochondral Injuries 400

      30 Normal Ankle and Foot 414

      31 Acute Osseous Injury to the Ankle and Foot 431

      32 Soft Tissue Injury to the Ankle: Ligament Injuries 455

      33 Soft Tissue Injury to the Ankle: Tendon Injuries 474

      34 Soft Tissue Injury to the Ankle: Osteochondral Injuries and Impingement 493

      35 Compressive and Entrapment Neuropathies of the Lower Extremity 507

      36 Imaging of the Forefoot 522

SECTION THREE PEDIATRIC INJURIES

      37 Lower Extremity Injuries in Children 534

      38 Upper Extremity Injuries in Children 554

      39 Skeletal Manifestations of Pediatric Nonaccidental Injury 579

SECTION FOUR OTHER MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES

      40 Stress Injury 590

      41 Radiation Effects in the Musculoskeletal System 602

      42 Complications of Osseous Trauma 610

      43 Muscle Injury and Sequelae 616

      44 Complex Regional Pain Syndrome 628

PART 2 ARTHROPATHIES AND NEUROLOGIC/MUSCULAR DISORDERS AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE

      45 Degenerative Disorders of the Spine 634

      46 Aging 649

      47 Degenerative Disease: Physiology and Advanced Imaging 655

      48 Rheumatoid Arthritis 666

      49 Psoriatic Arthritis and Psoriatic Spondyloarthropathy 675

      50 Reactive Arthritis 684

      51 Ankylosing Spondylitis 691

      52 Progressive Scleroderma 700

      53 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 703

      54 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease 707

      55 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis 711

      56 Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy 716

      57 Hemochromatosis 721

      58 Ochronosis 724

      59 Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis and Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament 727

      60 Gout 730

      61 Crystal-Related Arthritis 746

      62 Neuropathic Osteoarthropathy 761

PART 3 INFECTION

      63 Noninflammatory Intraarticular Pathology 766

      64 Soft Tissue Infection: Cellulitis, Pyomyositis, Abscess, Septic Arthritis 772

      65 Appendicular Infection 779

      66 Spinal Infection 791

      67 Diabetic Pedal Infection 805

      68 Pediatric Infections 815

      69 HIV Infection and AIDS 823

      70 Atypical Mycobacterial Infection 833

PART 4 HEMATOLOGIC AND VASCULAR DISEASES

      71 General Principles of MR I of the Bone Marrow 868

      72 Ischemic Bone Lesions 869

      73 Hemophilia and Related Disorders 870

      74 Sickle Cell Anemia 871

      75 Thalassemia 872

      76 Myelofibrosis 873

PART 5 METABOLIC, HORMONAL, AND SYSTEMIC DISEASE

      77 Osteoporosis 874

      78 Hyperparathyroidism, Renal Osteodystrophy, Osteomalacia, and Rickets 889

      79 Amyloidosis 890

      80 Pituitary and Thyroid Disorders 891

      81 Gaucher Disease 892

      82 Storage Diseases 893

      83 Osteogenesis Imperfecta 894

      84 Marfan Syndrome 895

      85 Paget Disease 896

      86 Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy 897

      87 Sarcoidosis 898

      88 Tuberous Sclerosis 899

      89 Drug-Related Bone and Soft Tissue Disorders 900

PART 6 MUSCULOSKELETAL TUMORS AND TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS

      90 The Patient with a Tumor or a Tumor-Like Lesion of Bone 901

      91 The Patient with a Soft Tissue Lump 917

      92 Primary Bone Tumors 924

      93 Myeloma 944

      94 Tumor-Like Lesions of Bone 959

      95 Soft Tissue Tumors 970

      96 Tumor-Like Soft Tissue Lesions 996

      97 Metastatic Disease 1016

      98 Treatment Strategies for Musculoskeletal Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions 1033

      99 Staging Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors 1046

      100 Monitoring Therapy in Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors 1054

PART 7 CLINICALLY RELEVANT DEVELOPMENT DYSPLASIAS

      101 Focal Growth Disturbances 1070

      102 Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip 1074

      103 Coalitions 1080

      104 Dysplasias 1087

      105 Spinal Deformity 1102

PART 8 POSTSURGICAL IMAGING AND COMPLICATIONS

      106 Principles and Complications of Orthopedic Hardware 1107

      107 Postoperative Shoulder 1123

      108 Postoperative Elbow, Wrist, and Hand 1136

      109 Postoperative Hip 1162

      110 Postoperative Knee 1171

      111 Postoperative Ankle and Foot 1194

      112 Imaging of the Residual Limb after Amputation 1206

      113 Postoperative Infections 1211

PART 9 MISCELLANEOUS

      114 Temporomandibular Joint 1217

      115 Dental Imaging 1218

      116 Normal Variants 1219

PART 10 MUSCULO5KELETAL PROCEDURES

      117 Biopsy: Soft Tissue 1220

      118 Percutaneous Biopsy of the Appendicular Skeleton 1221

      119 Percutaneous Biopsy of the Spine 1222

      120 Tumor Ablation 1223

      121 Spinal Injections 1224

      122 Discography 1225

      123 Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty 1226

      124 Percutaneous Intradiskal Therapies 1227

      125 Ultrasound Procedures 1228

APPENDICES

Appendix 1 Measurements Most Frequently Used in Orthopedic Imaging 1229

Appendix 2 Orthopedic Devices 1231

Appendix 3 Fractures with Names 1232

Appendix 4 Diseases with Names 1233

Appendix 5 Classic Signs and Findings in Musculoskeletal Radiology 1234

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