The increasing survival of very premature infants has produced major challenges for neonatologists and pediatricians because these infants have immaturity of multiple organ systems that predisposes them to long-term sequelae. Despite remarkable progress in newborn care, respiratory problems continue to prevail as one of the most important threats during the newborn period. Much of the progress in respiratory care has been achieved through research leading to a better understanding of the processes involved in normal and deranged development of the respiratory system. Several recent and important clinical trials have also addressed some of the more pressing issues in neonatal respiratory care.A\For this second edition of The Newborn Lung, we have been able to engage as authors some of the leading clinicians and scientists from around the world who have been responsible for many of the recent advances in respiratory care of the newborn.A\The aim of this book is to address those aspects that are more relevant and controversial or those in which there has been recent progress. Several chapters deal primarily with developmental issues in pulmonary biology, while others address some of the important challenges facing the clinician responsible for the care of infants with respiratory failure.A\I am very grateful to all of the contributors to this book for their willingness to share their knowledge and experience, and I am certain the reader will share my appreciation for the outstanding quality of each of the chapters. Eduardo Bancalari, MD

SECTION A Normal and Abnormal Lung Development

CHAPTER 1 Molecular Bases for Lung Development, Injury, and Repair 3

CHAPTER 2 Genetic Influences in Lung Development and Injury 29

CHAPTER 3 Perinatal Events and Their Influence on Lung Development and Function 57

CHAPTER 4 Hypoxia and Hyperoxia: Effects on the Newborn Pulmonary Circulation 91

CHAPTER 5 The Role of Nitric Oxide in Lung Growth and Function 111

SECTION B Lung Injury—Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

CHAPTER 6 Prenatal and Postnatal Microbial Colonization and Respiratory Outcome in Preterm Infants 135

CHAPTER 7 Influence of Nutrition on Neonatal Respiratory Outcomes 163

CHAPTER 8 Patent Ductus Arteriosus and the Lung: Acute Effects and Long-Term Consequences 181

CHAPTER 9 Role of Stem Cells in Neonatal Lung Injury 197

CHAPTER 10 New Developments in the Pathogenesis and Prevention of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia 217

CHAPTER 11 Long-Term Pulmonary Outcome of Preterm Infants 235

SECTION C Management of Respiratory Failure

CHAPTER 12 Respiratory and Cardiovascular Support in the Delivery Room 247

CHAPTER 13 Noninvasive Respiratory Support: An Alternative to Mechanical Ventilation in Preterm Infants 265

CHAPTER 14 Surfactant Replacement: Present and Future 283

CHAPTER 15 Oxygenation Targeting and Outcomes in Preterm Infants: The New Evidence 301

CHAPTER 16 Hypoxemic Episodes in the Premature Infant: Causes, Consequences, and Management 329

CHAPTER 17 Patient-Ventilator Interaction 339

CHAPTER 18 Strategies for Limiting the Duration of Mechanical Ventilation 355

CHAPTER 19 Automation of Respiratory Support 367

CHAPTER 20 Management of the Infant with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia 381

CHAPTER 21 Management of the Infant with Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia 407

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