A complex look at California Native ecological practices as a model for environmental sustainability and conservation.
John Muir was an early proponent of a view we still hold today—that much of California was pristine, untouched wilderness before the arrival of Europeans. But as this groundbreaking book demonstrates, what Muir was really seeing when he admired the grand vistas of Yosemite and the gold and purple flowers carpeting the Central Valley were the fertile gardens of the Sierra Miwok and Valley Yokuts Indians, modified and made productive by centuries of harvesting, tilling, sowing, pruning, and burning. Marvelously detailed and beautifully written, Tending the Wild is an unparalleled examination of Native American knowledge and uses of California's natural resources that reshapes our understanding of native cultures and shows how we might begin to use their knowledge in our own conservation efforts.
M. Kat Anderson presents a wealth of information on native land management practices gleaned in part from interviews and correspondence with Native Americans who recall what their grandparents told them about how and when areas were burned, which plants were eaten and which were used for basketry, and how plants were tended. The complex picture that emerges from this and other historical source material dispels the hunter-gatherer stereotype long perpetuated in anthropological and historical literature. We come to see California's indigenous people as active agents of environmental change and stewardship. Tending the Wild persuasively argues that this traditional ecological knowledge is essential if we are to successfully meet the challenge of living sustainably.

List of Illustrations xi

List of Tables xiv

Preface xv

Note on Languages, Territories, and Names of California Indian Tribes xxvii

Introduction 1

PART I. CALIFORNIA AT CONTACT

1 Wildlife, Plants, and People 13

2 Gathering, Hunting, and Fishing 41

3 The Collision of Worlds 62

PART II. INDIGENOUS LAND MANAGEMENT AND ITS ECOLOGICAL BASIS

4 Methods of Caring for the Land 125

5 Landscapes of Stewardship 155

6 Basketry: Cultivating Forbs, Sedges, Grasses, and Tules 187

7 From Arrows to Weirs: Cultivating Shrubs and Trees 209

8 California's Cornucopia: A Calculated Abundance 240

9 Plant Foods Aboveground: Seeds, Grains, Leaves, and Fruits 255

10 Plant Foods Belowground: Bulbs, Corms, Rhizomes, Taproots, and Tubers 291

PART III. REKINDLING THE OLD WAYS

11 Contemporary California Indian Harvesting and Management Practices 309

12 Restoring Landscapes with Native Knowledge 334

Coda: Indigenous Wisdom in the Modern World 358

Notes 365

Bibliography 411

Index 471

M. Kat Anderson is a Lecturer in the Department of Plant Sciences at the University of California, Davis; Associate Ecologist at the Agricultural Experimental Station at the University of California, Davis; and a faculty member in the Graduate Group in Ecology at the University of California, Davis. She is coeditor, with T. C. Blackburn, of Before the Wilderness: Native Californians as Environmental Managers (1993) and coeditor, with Henry T. Lewis, of Forgotten Fires: Native Americans and the Transient Wilderness by Omer C. Stewart (2002).

中科院文献情报中心