Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex mixture of molecules found throughout the world's oceans. It plays a key role in the export, distribution, and sequestration of carbon in the oceanic water column, posited to be a source of atmospheric climate regulation. Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter, Second Edition, focuses on the chemical constituents of DOM and its biogeochemical, biological, and ecological significance in the global ocean, and provides a single, unique source for the references, information, and informed judgments of the community of marine biogeochemists. Presented by some of the world's leading scientists, this revised edition reports on the major advances in this area and includes new chapters covering the role of DOM in ancient ocean carbon cycles, the long term stability of marine DOM, the biophysical dynamics of DOM, fluvial DOM qualities and fate, and the Mediterranean Sea. Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter, Second Edition, is an extremely useful resource that helps people interested in the largest pool of active carbon on the planet (DOC) get a firm grounding on the general paradigms and many of the relevant references on this topic.

List of Contributors xi

Foreword xiii

Preface xvii

1.Why Dissolved Organics Matter:DOC in Ancient Oceans and Past Climate Change

I Overview I

II Marine Carbon Cycling 2

IlI Interpreting the Geological Past 8

IV Implications for Future Global Change?16

Acknowledgments 17

References 18

2.Chemical Characterization and Cycling of Dissolved Organic Matter

I Introduction 22

II Isolation of DOM from Seawater 23

IlI Chemical Characterization of DOM 26

IV Links Between DOM Composition and Cycling 47

V Future Research 55

Acknowledgments 58

References 58

3.DOM Sources,Sinks,Reactivity and Budgets

I Introduction 66

Il DOM Production Processes 68

Ill DOM Removal Processes 82

IV DOM Accumulation 90

V DOM Reactivity 97

VI The Priming Effect 103

VII Microbial Community Structure and DOM Utilization 104

VIlI DOC in the Ocean Carbon Budget 105

IX Summary 108

Acknowledgments 109

References 109

4.Dynamics of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen

I Introduction 128

Il DON Concentrations in Aquatic Environments 128

IlI Composition of the DON Pool 143

IV Sources of DON to the Water Column 162

V Sinks for DON 183

VI Summary 211

Acknowledgments 212

References 213

5.Dynamics of Dissolved Organic Phosphorus

I Introduction 234

II Terms,Definitions,and Concentration Units 238

Ill The Early Years of Pelagic Marine P-Cycle Research (1884-1955)241

IV The Pelagic Marine P.Cycle:Key Pools and Processes 244

V Sampling.Incubation,Storage,and Analytical Considerations 247

VI DOP in the Sea:Variations in Space 258

VII DOP in the Sea:Variations in Time 271

VIll DOP Pool Characterization 280

IX DOP Production,Utilization,and Remineralization 304

X Conclusions and Prospectus 317

Acknowledgments 318

References 318

6.The Carbon Isotopic Composition of Marine DOC

I Introduction 335

ll Carbon Isotope Geochemistry Primer 336

IlI DOC Isotope Ratio Methods 341

IV Isotopic Composition of Bulk Marine DOC 345

V Isotopic Composition of DOM Constituents 357

VI Summary and Conclusions 363

Acknowledgments 364

References 364

7.Reasons Behind the Long-Term Stability of Dissolved Organic Matter

I Introduction:The Paradox of DOM Persistence 369

lI The Environment Hypothesis 372

Ill The Intrinsic Stability Hypothesis 376

IV The Molecular Diversity Hypothesis 381

V Concluding Remarks 385

Acknowledgments 385

References 385

8.Marine Photochemistry of Organic Matter: Processes and Impacts

I Introduction 390

II Impact of Photochemistry on Elemental Cycles 391

Ill DOM Photolability Spectrum and Fate of Terrestrial DOM in the Sea 417

IV Impact of Photochemistry on Other Marine Processes 422

V Modeling Photochemical Rates and Impact on Marine Carbon Cycling 428

VI Future Directions 430

Acknowledgments 433

References 433

9.Marine Microgels

I Introduction 451

II What Are Polymer Gels?454

Ill Structure,Properties,and Dynamics of Marine Polymer Gels 454

IV Phase Transition 464

V Marine Gels in the Atmosphere and Their Relevance for Cloud Formation 467

Acknowledgments 471

References 472

10.The Optical Properties of DOM in the Ocean

I Introduction 481

II UV-Visible Spectroscopy of DOM 483

Ill Sources of CDOM to the Marine Environment 492

IV Removal of CDOM in the Marine Environment 498

V Distribution 501

VI Conclusions and Future Research Needs 502

Acknowledgments 502

References 503

11.Riverine DOM

I Introduction 509

IⅡLand Transport51l

IlI Riverine DOM Composition 517

IV Anthropogenic Influences 522

Acknowledgments 525

References 525

12.Sediment Pore Waters

I Preface 536

II Introduction 536

IlI Composition and Dynamics of Bulk Pore Water DOM 542

IV Composition and Dynamics of DOM at the Compound and Compound-Class Levels 550

V Modeling DOC Cycling in Marine Sediments 555

VI Controls on DOC Concentrations in Sediments 559

VII The Role of Benthic DOM Fluxes in the Ocean Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles 565

VIlI Concluding Thoughts 569

Acknowledgments 569

References 569

13.DOC in the Mediterranean Sea

I Introduction 579

II DOC Distribution at Basin Scale 583

IlI The Role of DOC in Carbon Export 595

IV DOC Inventory and Fluxes 596

V DOM Stoichiometry 601

VI DOC Dynamics in the Med Sea,a Comparison with the Oceans 602

VII Summary 604

VIII Open Questions 604

Acknowledgments 605

References 605

14.DOM in the Arctic Ocean

I Introduction 609

II Composition of DOC Within the Arctic Ocean 620

III Distribution and Mass Balance of DOM 625

Acknowledgments 630

References 630

15.Modeling DOM Biogeochemistry

I Introduction 635

II Modeling Approaches 637

IlI Modeling the Role of DOM in Ocean Biogeochemistry 648

IV Lability in Focus:Concepts and Definitions 653

V Discussion 656

Acknowledgments 661

References 661

Index 669

Carlson grew up in New England and received his Bachelor’s degree from Colby College (Waterville, ME) in 1986 and his Ph.D. from University of Maryland’s Horn Point Laboratory in Cambridge MD in 1994. His graduate research focused on microbial ecology and how microbes process dissolved organic matter in open ocean systems. Much of his graduate work was conducted in the Sargasso Sea in conjunction with the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site. He moved to the Bermuda Institute for Ocean Science (BIOS) in 1994 for his post doctoral work where he focused on the focused on the biogeochemistry of dissolved organic matter in the oceanic systems of the Southern Ocean and the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre. In 1996 he joined the faculty of BIOS where he initiated programs in microbial oceanography. In 2001 Carlson accepted a faculty position at the University of California, Santa Barbara where he is now a full professor.

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