Synthetic jets have been the subject of intense research and development for over two decades and have in this time been deployed in a wide variety of Applications, ranging from separation and turbulence control to electronic cooling and propulsion. These jets are characterized by the fact that they are entirely synthesized from the surrounding fluid and introduce no net mass into the external flow. This fact eliminates the need for fluidic circuitry and enables self-contained, compact designs that integrate power and actuation and even control electronics. Although synthetic jets do not inject net mass, they do impart momentum, energy, and vorticity, and in doing so, effect local as well as global modifications in the external flow. The ability to prescribe and/or modify the jet frequency and amplitude as well as tailor the geometry of the jet opens up a vast parameter space that can be exploited in a diverse range of applications. This large operational space is, however, associated with a rich cornucopia of fluid dynamic mechanisms, and these mechanisms have to be understood well, in order to make effective use of these actuators in any given application.
Although the topic of synthetic jets may have matured to some degree, the scientific knowledge associated with these actuators remains scattered across hundreds of journal articles and conference papers. The objective of this book is to compile in one place fundamental as well as applied knowledge of these fluidic actuators. By providing a concise survey of the fundamental principles and analysis techniques, and a few selected applications, this book offers a treatment of the subject that should serve as a useful starting point for students, researchers, and technologists interested in this topic.

Preface ix

Editors xi

Contributors xiii

SECTION I Fundamentals

1 Synthetic Jets：Basic Principles Kamran Mohseni and Rajat Mittal 3

2 Design of Synthetic Jets Louis N. Cattafesta 49

SECTION II Techniques

3 Measurement Techniques for Synthetic Jets Barton L. Smith and Douglas R. Smith 101

4 Computational Modeling of Synthetic Jets Rajat Mittal, Shawn Aram, and Reni Raju 129

5 Reduced-Order Modeling of Synthetic Jets Nail K. Yamaleev 165

SECTION III Applications

6 Separation Control Michael Amitay and John Farnsworth 193

7 Application of Synthetic Jets to Controlling Dynamically Changing Flows David R. Williams 235

8 Synthetic Jets in Boundary Layers Shan Zhong 259

9 Synthetic Jets for Heat Transfer Augmentation Mehmet Arik and Yogen V. Utturkar 293

10 Application of Zero-Net Mass-Flux Actuators for Propulsion: Biology and Engineering Mike Krieg and Kamran Mohseni 329

Index 361

Rajat Mittal is professor in the department of mechanical engineering at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland. He earned his PhD in applied mechanics from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and his masters in aerospace engineering from the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida. He was a postdoctoral researcher in the Center for Turbulence Research at Stanford University before joining the University of Florida's department of mechanical engineering as an assistant pro-fessor. He was then appointed as faculty in the department of mechanical and aerospace engineering at The George Washington University in Washington, DC. His research focuses on computational fluid dynamics, low Reynolds number aerodynamics, biomedical flows, active flow control, biomimetics and bioinspired engineering, and fluid dynamics of locomotion. He is a fellow of the American Society of Mechanics Engineers as well as the American Physical Society, and an associate fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.

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