The interpretation of sedimentary deposits from seismic data pro-vides crucial information for a correct evaluation of hydrocarbon reservoirs. During the last few decades, seismic stratigraphy has improved the recognition and reconstruction of the depositional his-tory of basins, saving time and economical resources by optimising the accuracy of subsurface predictions. This improvement in hydro-carbon exploration has led to a significant increase in oil production and estimation of recoverable reserves. The Seismic Stratigraphy and Depositional Facies Models textbook by Paul C.H. Veeken and Bruno van Moerkerken, provides a sys-tematic approach for the description and evaluation of subsurface reservoirs. The authors have an extended career as geoscience consultants, having spent over 25 years working in the oil and gas industry. Their experience has contributed to provide a clear and detailed description of the 'hot topics' relating to seismic interpre-tation and modelling techniques, supplying advanced tools for the recognition of sedimentary facies. The book represents a reference guide for geologists, geophysi-cists and engineers working on hydrocarbon exploration. It is subdi-vided into four main sections full of clarifying figures, diagrams and field examples, following step by step the recipe for a correct and accurate interpretation of depositional sequences and sedimentary.

1 Introduction. 7

2 The seismic reflection method and its constraints. 17

2.1 Basic seismic processing concepts. 17

      2.1.1 Common Mid Point domain. 23

      2.1.2 Normal Move-Out and stacking procedure. 27

      2.1.3 Seismic velocity analysis. 32

      2.1.4 Seismic absorption and anisotropy. 36

      2.1.5 Migration of seismic data. 42

      2.1.6 Prestack depth migration. 56

      2.1.7 Some practical issues of depth migration. 67

      2.1.8 Non CMP-based seismic imaging. 69

2.2 2D and 3D Seismic Surveys. 72

2.3 Seismic Resolution. 73

      2.3.1 Vertical seismic resolution. 75

      2.3.2 Horizontal seismic resolution. 79

2.4 Amplitude and Frequency. 82

      2.4.1 Preserved amplitude. 83

      2.4.2 Reflection frequency and composite seismic loops. 85

      2.5 Seismic wavelet. 86

2.6 Seismic display. 88

      2.6.1 Seismic polarity. 94

      2.6.2 Hilbert transform. 97

2.7 Interval velocities. 100

3 Seismic stratigraphic techniques. 107

3.1 Basic seismic observations. 107

      3.1.1 Sedimentary reflections. 109

      3.1.2 Stratigraphy. 112

      3.1.3 Unconformities. 118

      3.1.4 Non-sedimentary reflections. 126

      3.1.5 Artefacts and artificial reflections. 129

3.2 Reflection termination mapping. 132

3.3 Seismic facies units. 134

      3.3.1 Internal reflection configuration. 134

      3.3.2 External geometry of seismic facies units. 158

3.4 Geological calibration and well control. 162

      3.4.1 Petrophysical measurements and well logging. 172

      3.4.2 Well velocity surveys. 182

      3.4.3 Synthetic seismogram. 190

      3.4.4 Seismic phase rotation and zerophasing. 196

      3.4.5 Lithofacies calibration. 203

      3.4.6 Age-dating of depositional sequences. 204

3.5 Chronostratigraphy. 207

      3.5.1 Arbitrary stratigraphic chart. 209

      3.5.2 Chronostratigraphic chart. 210

4 Depositional environment and lithofacies interpretation. 217

4.1 Terrestrial domain. 218

      4.1.1 Alluvial fans. 218

      4.1.2 Lakes. 231

      4.1.3 Arid deserts and wind-blown dunes. 235

      4.1.4 Braided river. 242

      4.1.5 Meandering river. 247

4.2 Coastal and transitional marine domains. 266

      4.2.1 Deltas. 269

      4.2.2 Deltaic depocentre and growth faults. 277

      4.2.3 Barrier bar complex and coastal dunes. 290

      4.2.4 Tidal flats. 299

      4.2.5 Fandeltas. 300

4.3 Shallow marine shelf. 300

      4.3.1 Carbonate platform. 303

      4.3.2 Evaporite basin and high density flows. 315

4.4 Deeper marine slope and basinfloor. 326

      4.4.1 Submarine fans and slope front fills. 326

      4.4.2 Depositional model for submarine fans. 332

      4.4.3 Contourites. 352

4.5 Carbonate platform margin. 352

      4.5.1 Cretaceous impact crater on a carbonate platform. 356

      4.5.2 Meteorites and extra-terrestrial origin of life. 360

4.6 Carbonate compensation depth and oceanic basins. 362

5 Seismic interpretation and reservoir characterisation. 377

6 Concluding remarks. 413

7 Acknowledgements. 421

General disclaimer. 423

References. 425

About the authors. 467

Index. 469

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