Perception research and theory have always had clear links to applications. For instance, a student of Wilhelm Wundt who studied binaural sound location went from his dissertation to develop a mechanism for the German Air Force to determine the range of aircraft, flying at a great distance, only on the basis of the sound of their engines received at two large horn-type receivers. Another student of Wundt went from his dissertation on motion perception to develop one of the very first simulators, to study the job of railway motormen. As is well known, research on vigilance was stimulated by the need to understand and redesign the tasks of radar operators during World War II. With regard to sustained attention in particular, the scope of applications has expanded significantly in recent years, from radar (the one person-one machine context) to other contexts involving teams and multiple technologies, such as weather forecasters looking at multiple data types to predict hurricane tracks, soldiers searching for land mines and improvised explosive devices (IEDs), and baggage screeners. Another salient area is performance measurement, which has recently been driven to move beyond the measurement of individual performance (e.g., accuracy, errors, workload) to the measurement of performance of "complex cognitive systems." We can anticipate that research will continue to be driven by national needs, including private sector as well as government and military needs, and that important theoretical advances will stem from research that has both ecological and epistemological utility. This will continue the trend of dissolving of the simplistic "applied versus basic" distinction while retaining a promise to contribute to the basic science of psychology.

List of Contributors page xi

About the Editors xv

Dedication xix

Preface xxv

Acknowledgments xxvii

Volume 1

Part I Background and Methodology

1. Applied Perception Research: An Introduction to This Handbook 3

ROBERT R. HOFFMAN, PETER A. HANCOCK, MARK W. SCERBO, JAMES L. SZALMA, AND RAJA PARASURAMAN

2. Some Highlights in the History of Applied Perception Research 6

WILLIAM S. HELTON, SIMON KEMP, AND ROBERT R. HOFFMAN

3. Psychophysical Methods and Signal Detection: Recent Advances in Theory 22

COREY J. BOHIL, JAMES L. SZALMA, AND PETER A. HANCOCK

4. The Measurement of Perceptual Resources and Workload 39

DAVID B. BOLES AND MICHAEL B. DILLARD

5. Methods and Applications of Eye Tracking 60

F. JACOB SEAGULL

6. Applied Perception and Neuroergonomics 79

MATTHEW RIZZO AND RAJA PARASURAMAN

Part II Attention and Perceptual Processes

7. Perception and Attention: A Multidimensional Approach to Human Performance Modeling 107

MOTONORI YAMAGUCHI AND ROBERT W. PROCTOR

8. Attention as a Cause and an Effect of Perception 126

DAVID A. WASHBURN, ROBERT D. LATZMAN, NATASHA B. SCHWARTZ, AND JESSICA BRAMLETT

9. Probing Plasticity of Attention and Working Memory Processes Induced by Video Game Play 148

JYOTI MISHRA, DAPHNE BAVELIER, AND ADAM GAZZALEY

10. Visual Attention and Emotion: Studying Influence on a Two-Way Street 175

ALLISON A. BRENNAN AND JAMES T, ENNS

11. Perception and Human Information Processing in Visual Search 199

KAIT CLARK, MATTHEW S. CAIN, AND STEPHEN R. MITROFF

12. Motivation and Emotion in Sustained Attention 218

JAMES L. SZALMA AND GERALD MATTHEWS

13. Vigilance: A Perceptual Challenge 241

JOEL S. WARM, VICTOR S. FINOMORE, MICHAEL A. VIDULICH, AND MATTHEW E. FUNKE

14. Psychology of Time: Basic and Applied Issues 284

RICHARD A. BLOCK AND PETER A. HANCOCK

Part III Perception and Modality

15. Multimodal and Multisensory Displays for Perceptual Tasks 299

ANIL K. RAJ, JAMESON D. BEACH, MARY E. STUART, AND LAUREN A. VASSILIADES

16. Multimodal and Cross-Modal Perception: Audition 325

CARRYL L. BALDWIN AND ANDRE GARCIA

17. Haptic Perception 345

ASTRID M. L. KAPPERS AND WOUTER M. BERGMANN TIEST

18. Visual Information in the Coordination and Control of Isometric Force 366

KARL M. NEWELL, BREANNA E. STUDENKA, AND XIAOGANG HU

19. Guidelines for Vibrotactile Display Design: Front-End, Insensitive, and Spatial Considerations 386

J. CHRISTOPHER BRILL

20. Olfactory Interfaces 408

TAKAMICHI NAKAMOTO

Part IV Perception in Context

21. Biological Motion Perception 427

JAMES THOMPSON

22. Perceptual Segmentation of Natural Events: Theory, Methods, and Applications 443

JESSE Q. SARGENT, JEFFREY M. ZACKS, AND HEATHER R. BAILEY

23. Attention in the Wild: Visual Attention in Complex, Dynamic, and Social Environments 466

EVAN F. RISKO AND ALAN KINGSTONE

24. Perception of Trust in Automation 488

POORNIMA MADHAVAN

25. Applied Ecological Acoustics 510

JOHN G. NEUHOFF AND LAURIE M. HELLER

26. Affordance Perception Research 530

KEITH S. JONES

27. Perceiving the Nesting of Affordances for Complex Goal-Directed Actions 547

LEONARD S. MARK, LIN YE, AND L. JAMES SMART

28. Perception of Collision 568

PATRICIA R. DELUCIA

29. Hazard Awareness in Driving: Measurement and Training 592

TAL ORON-GILAD AND AVINOAM BOROWSKY

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