Many of the complex pediatric cases are treated in specialized children's hospitals; however, more and more children are first being diagnosed at general facilities. Thus, most practicing pathologists are dealing with pediatric specimens but not on a daily basis. Although there are some similarities between adult and pediatric biopsies, there are also significant differences. Many adult diseases do not or only very rarely occur in children, whereas the common pediatric lesions are uncommon in the adult. The spectrum of infectious organisms; types of tumors; and autoimmune, renal, pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and neurologic diseases have little overlap. The small size of the patient influences the type of biopsy that is possible; thus, triaging the tissue and use of judicious stains are critical.
This book addresses the common and not so common diseases that can be diagnosed by biopsy. The differential diagnosis and use of special techniques are emphasized. The latter include histochemical and immu- nohistochemical stains, electron microscopic examination, and molecular tests that one needs to do on limited samples. The appropriate tests need to be selected in view of the clinical setting, material available, and histo-logic findings on hematoxylin and eosin stain.
This book is organized by chapters devoted to each organ system. Experts in their fields have written each one and provided multiple illustrations. Advanced trainees and diagnostic pathologists will find it helpful to have a framework for handling pediatric biopsies in one text.

Contributors vi

Preface ix

1 Gastrointestinal System 1

Margaret H. Collins, MD, J. Todd Boyd, DO, and Rachel Sheridan, MD

2 The Liver. 58

Haresh Mani, MD, Zachary D. Goodman, MD, PhD, and J. Thomas Stocker, MD

3 The Kidney 79

Kammi J. Henriksen, MD and Anthony Chang, MD

4 Soft Tissue 118

Zhongxin Yu, MD and David M. Parham, MD

5 Bone 150

Karen S. Thompson, MD and John Hicks, MD, DDS, MS, PhD

6 Central Nervous System and Skeletal Muscle 172

Peter Pytel, MD

7 Hematopoietic System 212

M. Kamran Mirza, MD, PhD and Andrea M. Sheehan, MD

8 The Heart 254

M. Kamran Mirza, MD, PhD and Aliya N. Husain, MD

9 The Lung 271

Jennifer E. Pogoriler, MD, PhD and Aliya N. Husain, MD

10 Pancreas, Adrenal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Selected Head and Neck 289

John Hicks, MD, DDS, MS, PhD

11 Breast and Reproductive System 311

Allison Cavallo, MD and Katja Gwin, MD, PhD

12 Skin 324

Vijaya E. Reddy, MD, MBA

Index 360

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