This volume represents my effort to revisit the primer that I wrote about environmental policy nearly a decade ago. I thought it was time to reexamine the framework I developed for understanding environmental policy and to apply it to some newer, more contemporary cases, to see if the analytic framework remains useful. While I am biased, I think it still provides a usefiil way to explore this complex policy arena. I think it makes sense to understand environmental sustainability issues by examining them as issues of values, politics, policy design, science and technology management capacity; and as a combination of several of these factors.

Preface to the Second Edition ix

Acknowledgments xiii

PART I. DEVELOPING A FRAMEWORK

      1. UNDERSTANDING ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY 3

      Differing Perspectives on Environmental Policy 3

      Developing a Framework to Help Understand Environmental Issues 4

      Applying the Framework to a Set of Environmental Issues 5

      Toward an Interdisciplinary Understanding of Environmental and Sustainability Policy 10

      2. A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING THE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ISSUE 11

      Values 14

      Environmental Politics 18

      Science,Technology, and the Environment 32

      Environmental Policy Design and Economic Factors as an Influence on Damaging Corporate and Private Behaviors 36

      Environmental and Sustainability Management 48

      Next Steps 53

PART II. APPLYING THE FRAMEWORK

      3. WHY CAN'T NYC GET A CONGESTION CHARGE? 57

      The Nature of the Problem: Traffic Gridlock and Congestion Pricing in New York City 57

      Congestion Pricing as an Issue of Vlues 75

      Congestion Pricing as a Political Issue 76

      Congestion Pricing as an Issue of Science and Technology 78

      Congestion Pricing as a Public Policy Design Issue 78

      Congestion Pricing as a Management Issue 80

      Summary of the Multiple Dimensions of Congestion Pricing 80

      Conclusions 81

      4. WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR E-WASTE AND HOW CAN WE ENSURE ITS SAFE DISPOSAL? 82

      The Nature of the Problem: The Case of Electronic Waste 82

      E-Wiste Disposal as an Issue ofVdues 90

      E-Wiste Disposal as a Political Issue 94

      E-Waste Disposal as an Issue of Science and Technology 98

      E-Wiste Disposal as a Public Policy Design Issue 100

      E-Waste Disposal as a Management Issue 102

      Summary of the Multiple Dimensions of

      Electronic Waste 103

      Conclusions 105

      5. WHY IS HYDROFRACKING CONTENTIOUS? 106

      The Nature of the Problem: Hydraulic Fracturing 106

      Hydrofracking as an Issue of Values 118

      Hydrofracking as a Political Issue 120

      Hydrofracking as a Public Policy Design Issue 123

      Hydrofracking as a Management Issue 125

      Hydrofracking as an Issue of Science and Technology 125

      Summary of the Multiple Dimensions of Hydrofracking 126

      Conclusions 127

      6. HOW CAN WE ASSESS THE RISKS OF, PREPARE FOR, AND SLOW CLIMATE CHANGE? 128

      The Nature of the Problem of Global Climate Change 128

      Global Climate Change as an Issue of Values 138

      Global Climate Change as a Political Issue 140

      Global Climate Change as an Issue of Science and Technology 145

      Global Climate Change as an Issue of Policy Design 148

      Global Climate Change as a Management Issue 150

      Global Climate Change: A Summary of Its Multiple Dimensions 151

      Conclusions 153

PART III. UNDERSTANDING, DEVELOPING, AND IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

      7.WHAT HAS THE FRAMEWORK TAUGHT US ABOUT THESE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY PROBLEMS AND WHAT ELSE DO WE NEED TO KNOW? 159

      A Summary of the Framework 159

      Applying the Framework: What Did It Tell Us? 160

      Values and Environmental Policy 163

      Politics and Environmental Policy 166

      Science, Technology and Environmental Policy 168

      The Design of Environmental Policy and the Impact of Economics on Enxdronmental Policy 169

      Implementing Environmental Sustainability Policy 170

      Limitations to the Framework and Possible Modifications 172

      8. CONCLUSIONS: IMPROVING ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY 174

      Accomplishments of Environmental Governance 175

      Improvements Needed 181

      Next Steps 189

References 193

Notes 205

Index 207

中科院文献情报中心