There are millions of materials and their uses are also multitudinous. Thislarge number of meterials came into existence because of the various numberof industrial needs for them. The particular property or combination ofproperties a material should possess, depends on its specific use and theservice conditions.
With the development of various machines, the structures of most of themfar from simple, the necessity for materials which possess properties withinnaηow specified ranges has arisen. The material properties can be classifiedinto tluee m句or headings: (i) Physical,(ii) Chemical, and(iii) Mechanical.
Physical PropertiesDensity or specific gravity, porosity, moisture content, etc., can be classifiedunder this category. Chemical PropertiesMany chemical properties come tmder this category. These include acidity oralkalinjty, reactivity and corrosion. The most important of these is corrosionwhich can be explained in layman’s terms as the resistance of the material todecay while in continuous use in a particular atmosphere.
Mechanical PropertiesMechanical prope1ties include the strength properties like

Preface to Second Edition (vii)

Preface to First Edition (ix)

Introduction 1

PART-I

1.Tensile and Torsion Tests 7

2.Hardness 31

3.Impact Tests 67

4.Fracture Mechanism 90

5.Fatigue 111

6.Creep 133

7.Testing of Miscellaneous Products 148

PART-II

8.Non-destructive Testing 183

9.Visual Examination 187

10.Leakage Testing 188

11.Penetrant Methods 189

12.Magnetic Methods 191

13.Acoustic Methods 199

14.Radioσraphy 208

15.Thermal Tests 222

16.Electrical Methods 227

17.Sw-face and Thickness Measurements 241

18.Defects 251

Index 273

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