Errata to the BPV Code may be posted on the ASME website to provide corrections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errors in the BPV Code. Such Errata shall be used on the date posted.
Information regarding Special Notices and Errata is published by ASME at http://go.asme.org/BPVCerrata.Changes given below are identified on the pages by a margin note, (19), placed next to the affected area.
The Record Numbers listed below are explained in more detail in "List of Changes in Record Number Order" following this Summary of Changes.

In 1911, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers established the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee to formulate standard rules for the construction of steam boilers and other pressure vessels. In 2009, the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee was superseded by the following committees:
(a) Committee on Power Boilers (I) (b) Committee on Materials (II)
(c) Committee on Construction of Nuclear Facility Components (III) (d) Committee on Heating Boilers (IV)
(e) Committee on Nondestructive Examination (V) (f) Committee on Pressure Vessels (VIII)
(g) Committee on Welding, Brazing, and Fusing(IX)
(h) Committee on Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels (X) (i) Committee on Nuclear Inservice Inspection(XI)
(j) Committee on Transport Tanks(XII)
(k) Technical Oversight Management Committee (TOMC)
Where reference is made to "the Committee" in this Foreword, each of these committees is included individually and collectively.
The Committee's function is to establish rules of safety relating only to pressure integrity, which govern the construction** of boilers, pressure vessels, transport tanks, and nuclear components, and the inservice inspection of nuclear components and transport tanks. The Committee also interprets these rules when questions arise regarding their intent. The technical consistency of the Sections of the Code and coordination of standards development activities of the Committees is supported and guided by the Technical Oversight Management Committee. This Code does not address other safety issues relating to the construction of boilers, pressure vessels, transport tanks, or nuclear components, or the inservice inspection of nuclear components or transport tanks. Users of the Code should refer to the pertinent codes, standards, laws, regulations, or other relevant documents for safety issues other than those relating to pressure integrity. Except for Sections XI and XII, and with a few other exceptions, the rules do not, of practical necessity, reflect the likelihood and consequences of deterioration in service related to specific service fluids or external operating environments. In formulating the rules, the Committee considers the needs of users, manufacturers, and inspectors of pressure vessels. The objective of the rules is to afford reasonably certain protection of life and property, and to provide a margin for deterioration in service to give a reasonably long, safe period of usefulness. Advancements in design and materials and evidence of experience have been recognized.
This Code contains mandatory requirements, specific prohibitions, and nonmandatory guidance for construction activities and inservice inspection and testing activities. The Code does not address all aspects of these activities and those aspects that are not specifically addressed should not be considered prohibited. The Code is not a handbook and cannot replace education, experience, and the use of engineering judgment. The phrase engineering judgment refers to technical judgments made by knowledgeable engineers experienced in the application of the Code. Engineering judgments must be consistent with Code philosophy, and such judgments must never be used to overrule mandatory requirements or specific prohibitions of the Code.
The Committee recognizes that tools and techniques used for design and analysis change as technology progresses and expects engineers to use good judgment in the application of these tools. The designer is responsible for complying with Code rules and demonstrating compliance with Code equations when such equations are mandatory. The Code neither requires nor prohibits the use of computers for the design or analysis of components constructed to the requirements of the Code. However, designers and engineers using computer programs for design or analysis are cautioned that they are responsible for all technical assumptions inherent in the programs they use and the application of these programs to their design.
*The information contained in this Foreword is not part of this American National Standard (ANS) and has not been processed in accordance with ANSI's requirements for an ANS. Therefore, this Foreword may contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements necessary for conformance to the Code.
**Construction, as used in this Foreword, is an all-inclusive term comprising materials, design, fabrication, examination, inspection, testing, certification, and pressure relief.
The rules established by the Committee are not to be interpreted as approving, recommending, or endorsing any proprietary or specific design, or as limiting in any way the manufacturer's freedom to choose any method of design or any form of construction that conforms to the Code rules.
The Committee meets regularly to consider revisions of the rules, new rules as dictated by technological development, Code Cases, and requests for interpretations. Only the Committee has the authority to provide official interpretations of this Code. Requests for revisions, new rules, Code Cases, or interpretations shall be addressed to the Secretary in writing and shall give full particulars in order to receive consideration and action (see Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standards Committees). Proposed revisions to the Code resulting from inquiries will be presented to the Committee for appropriate action. The action of the Committee becomes effective only after confirmation by ballot of the Committee and approval by ASME. Proposed revisions to the Code approved by the Committee are submitted to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)and published at http://go.asme.org/BPVCPublicReview to invite comments from all interested persons. After public review and final approval by ASME, revisions are published at regular intervals in Editions of the Code.
The Committee does not rule on whether a component shall or shall not be constructed to the provisions of the Code. The scope of each Section has been established to identify the components and parameters considered by the Committee in formulating the Code rules.
Questions or issues regarding compliance of a specific component with the Code rules are to be directed to the ASME Certificate Holder (Manufacturer). Inquiries concerning the interpretation of the Code are to be directed to the Committee. ASME is to be notified should questions arise concerning improper use of the ASME Single Certification Mark.
When required by context in this Section, the singular shall be interpreted as the plural, and vice versa, and the feminine, masculine, or neuter gender shall be treated as such other gender as appropriate.

List of Sections xxxiii

Foreword xxxv

Statement of Policy on the Use of the ASME Single Certification Mark and Code Authorization in Advertising xxxvii

Statement of Policy on the Use of ASME Marking to Identify Manufactured Items xxxvii

Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standards Committees xxxviii

Personnel xli

Summary of Changes lxiii

List of Changes in Record Number Order lxxi

Cross-Referencing and Stylistic Changes in the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code lxxv

Introduction 1

U-l Scope 1

U-2 General 3

U-3 Standards Referenced by This Division 4

U-4 Units of Measurement 4

U-5 Tolerances 5

Subsection A General Requirements 7

Part UG General Requirements for All Methods of Construction and All Materials 7

UG-1 Scope 7

      Materials 7

      UG-4 General 7

      UG-5 Plate 8

      UG-6 Forgings 8

      UG-7 Castings 8

      UG-8 Pipe and Tubes 8

      UG-9 Welding Materials 9

      UG-10 Material Identified With or Produced to a Specification Not Permitted by This Division, and Material Not Fully Identified 9

      UG-11 Prefabricated or Preformed Pressure Parts Furnished Without a Certification Mark 10

      UG-12 Bolts and Studs 12

      UG-13 Nuts and Washers 12

      UG-14 Rods and Bars 12

      UG-15 Product Specification 13

      Design 13

      UG-16 General 13

      UG-17 Methods of Fabrication in Combination 14

      UG-18 Materials in Combination 14

      UG-19 Special Constructions 14

      UG-20 Design Temperature 15

      UG-21 Design Pressure 16

      UG-22 Loadings 16

      UG-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values 16

      UG-24 Castings 17

      UG-25 Corrosion 18

      UG-26 Linings 19

      UG-27 Thickness of Shells Under Internal Pressure 19

      UG-28 Thickness of Shells and Tubes Under External Pressure 19

      UG-29 Stiffening Rings for Cylindrical Shells Under External Pressure 23

      UG-30 Attachment of Stiffening Rings 27

      UG-31 Tubes, and Pipe When Used as Tubes or Shells 27

      UG-32 Formed Heads, and Sections, Pressure on Concave Side 27

      UG-33 Formed Heads, Pressure on Convex Side 30

      UG-34 Unstayed Flat Heads and Covers 33

      UG-35 Other Types of Closures 37

      Openings and Reinforcements 38

      UG-36 Openings in Pressure Vessels 38

      UG-37 Reinforcement Required for Openings in Shells and Formed Heads 41

      UG-38 Flued Openings in Shells and Formed Heads 44

      UG-39 Reinforcement Required for Openings in Flat Heads and Covers 45

      UG-40 Limits of Reinforcement 47

      UG-41 Strength of Reinforcement 47

      UG-42 Reinforcement of Multiple Openings 50

      UG-43 Methods of Attachment of Pipe and Nozzle Necks to Vessel Walls 50

      UG-44 Flanges and Pipe Fittings 54

      UG-45 Nozzle Neck Thickness 55

      UG-46 Inspection Openings 55

      Braced and Stayed Surfaces 57

      UG-47 Braced and Stayed Surfaces 57

      UG-48 Staybolts 58

      UG-49 Location of Staybolts 58

      UG-50 Dimensions of Staybolts 58

      Ligaments 58

      UG-53 Ligaments 58

      UG-54 Supports 60

      UG-55 Lugs for Platforms, Ladders, and Other Attachments to Vessel Walls 60

      Fabrication 60

      UG-75 General 60

      UG-76 Cutting Plates and Other Stock 60

      UG-77 Material Identification (see UG-85) 63

      UG-78 Repair of Defects in Materials 63

      UG-79 Forming Pressure Parts 63

      UG-80 Permissible Out-of-Roundness of Cylindrical, Conical, and Spherical Shells 64

      UG-81 Tolerance for Formed Heads 66

      UG-82 Lugs and Fitting Attachments 66

      UG-83 Holes for Screw Stays 66

      UG-84 Charpy Impact Tests 66

      UG-85 Heat Treatment 73

      Inspection and Tests 73

      UG-90 General 73

      UG-91 The Inspector 74

      UG-92 Access for Inspector 74

      UG-93 Inspection of Materials 75

      UG-94 Marking on Materials 76

      UG-95 Examination of Surfaces During Fabrication 76

      UG-96 Dimensional Check of Component Parts 76

      UG-97 Inspection During Fabrication 76

      UG-98 Maximum Allowable Working Pressure 76

      UG-99 Standard Hydrostatic Test 77

      UG-100 Pneumatic Test (see UW-50) 78

      UG-101 Proof Tests to Establish Maximum Allowable Working Pressure • 79

      UG-102 Test Gages 84

      UG-103 Nondestructive Testing 84

      Marking and Reports 84

      UG-115 General 84

      UG-116 Required Marking 84

      UG-117 Certificates of Authorization and Certification Marks 86

      UG-118 Methods of Marking 87

      UG-119 Nameplates 88

      UG-120 Data Reports 89

      Overpressure Protection 91

      UG-125 General 91

      UG-126 Pressure Relief Valves 92

      UG-127 Nonreclosing Pressure Relief Devices 92

      UG-128 Liquid Pressure Relief Valves 94

      UG-129 Marking 94

      UG-130 Certification Mark 97

      UG-131 Certification of Capacity of Pressure Relief Devices 97

      UG-132 Certification of Capacity of Pressure Relief Valves in Combination With Nonreclosing Pressure Relief Devices 101

      UG-133 Determination of Pressure-Relieving Requirements 102

      UG-134 Pressure Settings and Performance Requirements 102

      UG-135 Installation 103

      UG-136 Minimum Requirements for Pressure Relief Valves 103

      UG-137 Minimum Requirements for Rupture Disk Devices 108

      UG-138 Minimum Requirements for Pin Devices 109

      UG-140 Overpressure Protection by System Design 112

Subsection B Requirements Pertaining to Methods of Fabrication of Pressure Vessels 114

Part UW Requirements for Pressure Vessels Fabricated by Welding 114

      General 114

      UW-1 Scope 114

      UW-2 Service Restrictions 114

      UW-3 Welded Joint Category 115

      Materials 116

      UW-5 General 116

      UW-6 Nonmandatory Guidelines for Welding Material Selections 117

      Design 117

      UW-8 General 117

      UW-9 Design of Welded Joints 117

      UW-10 Postweld Heat Treatment 119

      UW-11 Radiographic and Ultrasonic Examination 119

      UW-12 Joint Efficiencies 120

      UW-13 Attachment Details 120

      UW-14 Openings in or Adjacent to Welds 129

      UW-15 Welded Connections 131

      UW-16 Minimum Requirements for Attachment Welds at Openings 131

      UW-17 Plug Welds 141

      UW-18 Fillet Welds 141

      UW-19 Welded Stayed Construction 141

      UW-20 Tube-to-Tubesheet Welds 143

      UW-21 ASME B16.5 Socket and Slip-on Flange Welds 145

      Fabrication 145

      UW-26 General 145

      UW-27 Welding Processes 146

      UW-28 Qualification of Welding Procedure 146

      UW-29 Tests of Welders and Welding Operators 147

      UW-30 Lowest Permissible Temperatures for Welding 147

      UW-31 Cutting, Fitting, and Alignment 147

      UW-32 Cleaning of Surfaces to Be Welded 148

      UW-33 Alignment Tolerance 148

      UW-34 Spin-Holes 148

      UW-35 Finished Longitudinal and Circumferential Joints 148

      UW-36 Fillet Welds 149

      UW-37 Miscellaneous Welding Requirements 149

      UW-38 Repair of Weld Defects 150

      UW-39 Peening 150

      UW-40 Procedures for Postweld Heat Treatment 150

      UW-41 Sectioning of Welded Joints 152

      UW-42 Surface Weld Metal Buildup 152

      Inspection and Tests 152

      UW-46 General 152

      UW-47 Check of Welding Procedure 152

      UW-48 Check of Welder and Welding Operator Qualifications 152

      UW-49 Check of Postweld Heat Treatment Practice 152

      UW-50 Nondestructive Examination of Welds on Pneumatically Tested Vessels 152

      UW-51 Radiographic Examination of Welded Joints 153

      UW-52 Spot Examination of Welded Joints 153

      UW-53 Ultrasonic Examination of Welded Joints 154

      UW-54 Qualification of Nondestructive Examination Personnel 154

      Marking and Reports 154

      UW-60 General 154

Part UF Requirements for Pressure Vessels Fabricated by Forging . 155

      General 155

      UF-1 Scope 155

      Materials 155

      UF-5 General 155

      UF-6 Forgings 155

      UF-7 Forged Steel Rolls Used for Corrugating Paper Machinery 155

      Design 155

      UF-12 General 155

      UF-13 Head Design 155

      UF-25 Corrosion Allowance 156

      Fabrication 156

      UF-26 General 156

      UF-27 Tolerances on Body Forgings 156

      UF-28 Methods of Forming Forged Heads 156

      UF-29 Tolerance on Forged Heads 156

      UF-30 Localized Thin Areas 156

      UF-31 Heat Treatment 156

      UF-32 Welding for Fabrication 157

      UF-37 Repair of Defects in Material 158

      UF-38 Repair of Weld Defects 158

      UF-43 Attachment of Threaded Nozzles to Integrally Forged Necks and Thickened Heads on Vessels 158

      Inspection and Tests 159

      UF-45 General 159

      UF-46 Acceptance by Inspector 159

      UF-47 Parts Forging 159

      UF-52 Check of Heat Treatment and Postweld Heat Treatment 159

      UF-53 Test Specimens 159

      UF-54 Tests and Retests 159

      UF-55 Ultrasonic Examination 159

      Marking and Reports 159

      UF-115 General 159

Part UB Requirements for Pressure Vessels Fabricated by Brazing 160

      General 160

      UB-1 Scope 160

      UB-2 Elevated Temperature 160

      UB-3 Service Restrictions 160

      Materials 160

      UB-5 General 160

      UB-6 Brazing Filler Metals 161

      UB-7 Fluxes and Atmospheres 161

      Design 161

      UB-9 General 161

      UB-10 Strength of Brazed Joints 161

      UB-11 Qualification of Brazed Joints for Design Temperatures Up to the Maximum Shown in Column 1 of Table UB-2 161

      UB-12 Qualification of Brazed Joints for Design Temperatures in the Range Shown in Column 2 of Table UB-2 161

      UB-13 Corrosion 161

      UB-14 Joint Efficiency Factors 161

      UB-15 Application of Brazing Filler Metal 161

      UB-16 Permissible Types of Joints 162

      UB-17 Joint Clearance 162

      UB-18 Joint Brazing Procedure 163

      UB-19 Openings 163

      UB-20 Nozzles 163

      UB-21 Brazed Connections 163

      UB-22 Low Temperature Operation 164

      Fabrication 164

      UB-30 General 164

      UB-31 Qualification of Brazing Procedure 164

      UB-32 Qualification of Brazers and Brazing Operators 164

      UB-33 Buttstraps 165

      UB-34 Cleaning of Surfaces to Be Brazed 165

      UB-35 Clearance Between Surfaces to Be Brazed 165

      UB-36 Postbrazing Operations 165

      UB-37 Repair of Defective Brazing 165

      Inspection and Tests 165

      UB-40 General 165

      UB-41 Inspection During Fabrication 165

      UB-42 Procedure 165

      UB-43 Brazer and Brazing Operator 165

      UB-44 Visual Examination 166

      UB-50 Exemptions 166

      Marking and Reports 166

      UB-55 General 166

Subsection C Requirements Pertaining to Classes of Materials 167

Part UCS Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Carbon and Low Alloy Steels 167

      General 167

      UCS-1 Scope 167

      Materials 167

      UCS-5 General 167

      UCS-6 Steel Plates 167

      UCS-7 Steel Forgings 168

      UCS-8 Steel Castings 168

      UCS-9 Steel Pipe and Tubes 168

      UCS-10 Bolt Materials 168

      UCS-11 Nuts and Washers 168

      UCS-12 Bars and Shapes 168

      Design 168

      UCS-16 General 168

      UCS-19 Welded Joints 169

      UCS-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values 169

      UCS-27 Shells Made From Pipe 169

      UCS-28 Thickness of Shells Under External Pressure 170

      UCS-29 Stiffening Rings for Shells Under External Pressure 170

      UCS-30 Attachment of Stiffening Rings to Shell 170

      UCS-33 Formed Heads, Pressure on Convex Side 170

      UCS-56 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment 170

      UCS-57 Radiographic Examination 181

      Low Temperature Operation 181

      UCS-65 Scope 181

      UCS-66 Materials 181

      UCS-67 Impact Tests of Welding Procedures 197

      UCS-68 Design 197

      Fabrication 198

      UCS-75 General 198

      UCS-79 Forming Pressure Parts 198

      UCS-85 Heat Treatment of Test Specimens 198

      Inspection and Tests 200

      UCS-90 General 200

      Marking and Reports 200

      UCS-115 General 200

Nonmandatory Appendix UCS-A 201

      UCS-A-1 General 201

      UCS-A-2 Creep-Rupture Properties of Carbon Steels 201

      UCS-A-3 Vessels Operating at Temperatures Colder Than the MDMT Stamped on the Nameplate 201

Part UNF Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Nonferrous Materials 202

      General 202

      UNF-1 Scope 202

      UNF-3 Uses 202

      UNF-4 Conditions of Service 202

      Materials 202

      UNF-5 General 202

      UNF-6 Nonferrous Plate 202

      UNF-7 Forgings 202

      UNF-8 Castings 202

      UNF-12 Bolt Materials 202

      UNF-13 Nuts and Washers 203

      UNF-14 Rods, Bars, and Shapes 203

      UNF-15 Other Materials 203

      Design 203

      UNF-16 General 203

      UNF-19 Welded Joints 203

      UNF-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values 203

      UNF-28 Thickness of Shells Under External Pressure 206

      UNF-30 Stiffening Rings 206

      UNF-33 Formed Heads, Pressure on Convex Side 206

      UNF-56 Postweld Heat Treatment 206

      UNF-57 Radiographic Examination 207

      UNF-58 Liquid Penetrant Examination 207

      UNF-65 Low Temperature Operation 207

      Fabrication 207

      UNF-75 General 207

      UNF-77 Forming Shell Sections and Heads 208

      UNF-78 Welding 208

      UNF-79 Requirements for Postfabrication Heat Treatment Due to Straining 208

      Inspection and Tests 208

      UNF-90 General 208

      UNF-91 Requirements for the Image Quality Indicator 208

      UNF-95 Welding Test Plates 208

      Marking and Reports 208

      UNF-115 General 208

Nonmandatory Appendix UNF-A Characteristics of the Nonferrous Materials 210

      UNF-A-1 Purpose 210

      UNF-A-2 General 210

      UNF-A-3 Properties 210

      UNF-A-4 Magnetic Properties 210

      UNF-A-5 Elevated Temperature Effects 210

      UNF-A-6 Low Temperature Behavior 210

      UNF-A-7 Thermal Cutting 210

      UNF-A-8 Machining 210

      UNF-A-9 Gas Welding 210

      UNF-A-10 Metal Arc Welding 211

      UNF-A-11 Inert Gas Metal Arc Welding 211

      UNF-A-12 Resistance Welding 211

      UNF-A-13 Corrosion 211

      UNF-A-14 Special Comments 211

Part UHA Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of High Alloy Steel 212

      General 212

      UHA-1 Scope 212

      UHA-5 Uses 212

      UHA-6 Conditions of Service 212

      UHA-8 Material 212

      Materials 212

      UHA-11 General 212

      UHA-12 Bolt Materials 212

      UHA-13 Nuts and Washers 212

      Design 213

      UHA-20 General 213

      UHA-21 Welded Joints 213

      UHA-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values 213

      UHA-28 Thickness of Shells Under External Pressure 213

      UHA-29 Stiffening Rings for Shells Under External Pressure 213

      UHA-30 Attachment of Stiffening Rings to Shell 213

      UHA-31 Formed Heads, Pressure on Convex Side 213

      UHA-32 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment 213

      UHA-33 Radiographic Examination 219

      UHA-34 Liquid Penetrant Examination 219

      Fabrication 219

      UHA-40 General 219

      UHA-42 Weld Metal Composition 219

      UHA-44 Requirements for Postfabrication Heat Treatment Due to Straining 220

      Inspection and Tests 220

      UHA-50 General 220

      UHA-51 Impact Tests 220

      UHA-52 Welded Test Plates 224

      Marking and Reports 224

      UHA-60 General 224

Nonmandatory Appendix UHA-A Suggestions on the Selection and Treatment of Austenitic Chromium-Nickel and Ferritic and Martensitic High Chromium Steels 225

      UHA-A-1 General 225

      UHA-A-2 Dissimilar Weld Metal 225

      UHA-A-3 Fabrication 225

      UHA-A-4 Relaxation Cracking 225

Part UCI Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Cast Iron 227

      General 227

      UCI-1 Scope 227

      UCI-2 Service Restrictions 227

      UCI-3 Pressure-Temperature Limitations 227

      Materials 227

      UCI-5 General 227

      UCI-12 Bolt Materials 227

      Design 227

      UCI-16 General 227

      UCI-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values 227

      UCI-28 Thickness of Shells Under External Pressure 228

      UCI-29 Dual Metal Cylinders 228

      UCI-32 Heads With Pressure on Concave Side 228

      UCI-33 Heads With Pressure on Convex Side 228

      UCI-35 Spherically Shaped Covers (Heads) 228

      UCI-36 Openings and Reinforcements 228

      UCI-37 Corners and Fillets 229

      Fabrication 229

      UCI-75 General 229

      UCI-78 Repairs in Cast Iron Materials 229

      Inspection and Tests 230

      UCI-90 General 230

      UCI-99 Standard Hydrostatic Test 230

      UCI-101 Hydrostatic Test to Destruction 230

      Marking and Reports 230

      UCI-115 General 230

Part UCL Requirements for Welded Pressure Vessels Constructed of Material With Corrosion Resistant Integral Cladding, Weld Metal Overlay Cladding, or Applied Linings 231

      General 231

      UCL-1 Scope 231

      UCL-2 Methods of Fabrication 231

      UCL-3 Conditions of Service 231

      Materials 231

      UCL-10 General 231

      UCL-11 Integral and Weld Metal Overlay Clad Material 231

      UCL-12 Lining 232

      Design 232

      UCL-20 General 232

      UCL-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values 232

      UCL-24 Maximum Allowable Working Temperature 233

      UCL-25 Corrosion of Cladding or Lining Material 233

      UCL-26 Thickness of Shells and Heads Under External Pressure 233

      UCL-27 Low Temperature Operations 233

      Fabrication 233

      UCL-30 General 233

      UCL-31 Joints in Integral or Weld Metal Overlay Cladding and Applied Linings 233

      UCL-32 Weld Metal Composition 233

      UCL-33 Inserted Strips in Clad Material 233

      UCL-34 Postweld Heat Treatment 234

      UCL-35 Radiographic Examination 234

      UCL-36 Examination of Chromium Stainless Steel Cladding or Lining 234

      UCL-40 Welding Procedures 234

      UCL-42 Alloy Welds in Base Metal 234

      UCL-46 Fillet Welds 234

      Inspection and Tests 235

      UCL-50 General 235

      UCL-51 Tightness of Applied Lining 235

      UCL-52 Hydrostatic Test 235

      Marking and Reports 235

      UCL-55 General 235

Part UCD Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Cast Ductile Iron 236

      General 236

      UCD-1 Scope 236

      UCD-2 Service Restrictions 236

      UCD-3 Pressure-Temperature Limitations 236

      Materials 236

      UCD-5 General 236

      UCD-12 Bolt Materials 236

      Design 236

      UCD-16 General 236

      UCD-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values 236

      UCD-28 Thickness of Shells Under External Pressure 236

      UCD-32 Heads With Pressure on Concave Side 237

      UCD-33 Heads With Pressure on Convex Side 237

      UCD-35 Spherically Shaped Covers (Heads) 237

      UCD-36 Openings and Reinforcements 237

      UCD-37 Corners and Fillets 237

      Fabrication 237

      UCD-75 General 237

      UCD-78 Repairs in Cast Ductile Iron Material 237

      Inspection and Tests 238

      UCD-90 General 238

      UCD-99 Standard Hydrostatic Test 238

      UCD-101 Hydrostatic Test to Destruction 239

      Marking and Reports 239

      UCD-115 General 239

Part UHT Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Ferritic Steels With Tensile Properties Enhanced by Heat

      Treatment 240

      General 240

      UHT-1 Scope 240

      Materials 240

      UHT-5 General 240

      UHT-6 Test Requirements 240

      Design 241

      UHT-16 General 241

      UHT-17 Welded Joints 241

      UHT-18 Nozzles 242

      UHT-19 Conical Sections 242

      UHT-20 Joint Alignment 242

      UHT-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values 242

      UHT-25 Corrosion Allowance 242

      UHT-27 Thickness of Shells Under External Pressure 245

      UHT-28 Structural Attachments and Stiffening Rings 245

      UHT-29 Stiffening Rings for Shells Under External Pressure 245

      UHT-30 Attachment of Stiffening Rings to Shells 245

      UHT-32 Formed Heads, Pressure on Concave Side 245

      UHT-33 Formed Heads, Pressure on Convex Side 246

      UHT-34 Hemispherical Heads 246

      UHT-40 Materials Having Different Coefficients of Expansion 246

      UHT-56 Postweld Heat Treatment 246

      UHT-57 Examination 246

      Fabrication 248

      UHT-75 General 248

      UHT-79 Forming Pressure Parts 248

      UHT-80 Heat Treatment 248

      UHT-81 Heat Treatment Verification Tests 248

      UHT-82 Welding 249

      UHT-83 Methods of Metal Removal 250

      UHT-84 Weld Finish 250

      UHT-85 Structural and Temporary Welds 250

      UHT-86 Marking on Plates and Other Materials 250

      Inspection and Tests 250

      UHT-90 General 250

      Marking and Reports 250

      UHT-115 General 250

Part ULW Requirements for Pressure Vessels Fabricated by Layered Construction 251

      Introduction 251

      ULW-1 Scope 251

      ULW-2 Nomenclature 251

      Material 251

      ULW-5 General 251

      Design 251

      ULW-16 General 251

      ULW-17 Design of Welded Joints 254

      ULW-18 Nozzle Attachments and Opening Reinforcement 254

      ULW-20 Welded Joint Efficiency 262

      ULW-22 Attachments 262

      ULW-26 Postweld Heat Treatment 262

      Welding 262

      ULW-31 Welded Joints 262

      ULW-32 Welding Procedure Qualification 266

      ULW-33 Performance Qualification 266

      Nondestructive Examination of Welded Joints 266

      ULW-50 General 266

      ULW-51 Inner Shells and Inner Heads 266

      ULW-52 Layers — Welded Joints 266

      ULW-53 Layers — Step Welded Girth Joints 268

      ULW-54 Butt Joints 268

      ULW-55 Flat Head and Tubesheet Weld Joints 269

      ULW-56 Nozzle and Communicating Chambers Weld Joints 269

      ULW-57 Random Spot Examination and Repairs of Weld 269

      Fabrication 272

      ULW-75 General 272

      ULW-76 Vent Holes 272

      ULW-77 Contact Between Layers 272

      ULW-78 Alternative to Measuring Contact Between Layers During Construction 272

      Inspection and Testing 273

      ULW-90 General 273

      Marking and Reports 273

      ULW-115 General 273

Part ULT Alternative Rules for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Materials Having Higher Allowable Stresses at Low Temperature 274

      General 274

      ULT-1 Scope 274

      ULT-2 Conditions of Service 274

      ULT-5 General 274

      Design 275

      ULT-16 General 275

      ULT-17 Welded Joints 275

      ULT-18 Nozzles and Other Connections 275

      ULT-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values 275

      ULT-27 Thickness of Shells 275

      ULT-28 Thickness of Shells Under External Pressure 275

      ULT-29 Stiffening Rings for Shells Under External Pressure 275

      ULT-30 Structural Attachments 275

      ULT-56 Postweld Heat Treatment 279

      ULT-57 Examination 279

      Fabrication 279

      ULT-75 General 279

      ULT-79 Forming Shell Sections and Heads 279

      ULT-82 Welding 279

      ULT-86 Marking on Plate and Other Materials 280

      Inspection and Tests 281

      ULT-90 General 281

      ULT-99 Hydrostatic Test 281

      ULT-100 Pneumatic Test 282

      Marking and Reports 282

      ULT-115 General 282

      Overpressure Protection 282

      ULT-125 General 282

Part UHX Rules for Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers 283

      UHX-1 Scope 283

      UHX-2 Materials and Methods of Fabrication 283

      UHX-3 Terminology 283

      UHX-4 Design 283

      UHX-8 Tubesheet Effective Bolt Load, W* 286

      UHX-9 Tubesheet Extension 286

      UHX-10 General Conditions of Applicability for Tubesheets 287

      UHX-11 Tubesheet Characteristics 288

      UHX-12 Rules for the Design of U-Tube Tubesheets 290

      UHX-13 Rules for the Design of Fixed Tubesheets 301

      UHX-14 Rules for the Design of Floating Tubesheets 319

      UHX-16 Bellows Expansion Joints 330

      UHX-17 Flexible Shell Element Expansion Joints 331

      UHX-18 Pressure Test Requirements 332

      UHX-19 Heat Exchanger Marking and Reports 332

      UHX-20 Examples 333

Part UIG Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Impregnated Graphite 334

      Nonmandatory Introduction 334

      General 334

      UIG-1 Scope 334

      UIG-2 Equipment and Service Limitations 334

      UIG-3 Terminology 335

      Materials 335

      UIG-5 Raw Material Control 335

      UIG-6 Certified Material Control 335

      UIG-7 Additional Properties 336

      UIG-8 Tolerances for Impregnated Graphite Tubes 336

      Design 336

      UIG-22 Loadings 336

      UIG-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values for Certified Material 336

      UIG-27 Thickness of Cylindrical Shells Made of Certified Materials Under Internal Pressure 336

      UIG-28 External Pressure 337

      UIG-29 Euler Buckling of Extruded Graphite Tubes 337

      UIG-34 Calculating Flat Heads, Covers, and Tubesheets 337

      UIG-36 Openings and Reinforcements 344

      UIG-45 Nozzle Neck Thickness 344

      UIG-60 Lethal Service 344

      Fabrication 354

      UIG-75 General Requirements 354

      UIG-76 Procedure and Personnel Qualification 354

      UIG-77 Certified Material Specification 354

      UIG-78 Certified Cement Specification 360

      UIG-79 Certified Cementing Procedure Specification 360

      UIG-80 Cementing Technician Qualification 360

      UIG-81 Repair of Materials 360

      UIG-84 Required Tests 360

      Inspection and Tests 361

      UIG-90 General 361

      UIG-95 Visual Examination 362

      UIG-96 Qualification of Visual Examination Personnel 362

      UIG-97 Acceptance Standards and Documentation 362

      UIG-99 Pressure Tests 362

      UIG-112 Quality Control Requirements 362

      UIG-115 Markings and Reports 362

      UIG-116 Required Markings 362

      UIG-120 Data Reports 363

      UIG-121 Records 363

Mandatory Appendix 1 Supplementary Design Formulas 376

      1-1 Thickness of Cylindrical and Spherical Shells 376

      1-2 Cylindrical Shells 376

      1-3 Spherical Shells 376

      1-4 Formulas for the Design of Formed Heads Under Internal Pressure 376

      1-5 Rules for Conical Reducer Sections and Conical Heads Under Internal Pressure 379

      1-6 Dished Covers (Bolted Heads) 382

      1-7 Large Openings in Cylindrical and Conical Shells 384

      1-8 Rules for Reinforcement of Cones and Conical Reducers Under External Pressure 387

Mandatory Appendix 2 Rules for Bolted Flange Connections With Ring Type Gaskets 391

      2-1 Scope 391

      2-2 Materials 391

      2-3 Notation 392

      2-4 Circular Flange Types 393

      2-5 Bolt Loads 394

      2-6 Flange Moments 400

      2-7 Calculation of Flange Stresses 403

      2-8 Allowable Flange Design Stresses 403

      2-9 Split Loose Flanges 403

      2-10 Noncircular Shaped Flanges With Circular Bore 410

      2-11 Flanges Subject to External Pressures 410

      2-12 Flanges With Nut-Stops 410

      2-13 Reverse Flanges 410

      2-14 Flange Rigidity 413

      2-15 Qualification of Assembly Procedures and Assemblers 413

Mandatory Appendix 3 Definitions 414

      3-1 Introduction 414

      3-2 Definitions of Terms 414

Mandatory Appendix 4 Rounded Indications Charts Acceptance Standard for Radio-graphically Determined Rounded Indications in Welds 417

      4-1 Applicability of These Standards 417

      4-2 Terminology 417

      4-3 Acceptance Criteria 417

Mandatory Appendix 5 Flexible Shell Element Expansion Joints 425

      5-1 General 425

      5-2 Materials 425

      5-3 Design 425

      5-4 Fabrication 426

      5-5 Inspection and Tests 428

      5-6 Marking and Reports 428

Mandatory Appendix 6 Methods for Magnetic Particle Examination (MT) 429

      6-1 Scope 429

      6-2 Certification of Competency for Nondestructive Examination Personnel 429

      6-3 Evaluation of Indications 429

      6-4 Acceptance Standards 429

      6-5 Repair Requirements 429

Mandatory Appendix 7 Examination of Steel Castings 431

      7-1 Scope 431

      7-2 Examination Techniques 431

      7-3 Examination Requirements 431

      7-4 Repairs 432

      7-5 Identification and Marking 433

Mandatory Appendix 8 Methods for Liquid Penetrant Examination (PT) 434

      8-1 Scope 434

      8-2 Certification of Competency of Nondestructive Examination Personnel 434

      8-3 Evaluation of Indications 434

      8-4 Acceptance Standards 434

      8-5 Repair Requirements 434

Mandatory Appendix 9 Jacketed Vessels 436

      9-1 Scope 436

      9-2 Types of Jacketed Vessels 436

      9-3 Materials 436

      9-4 Design of Jacket Shells and Jacket Heads 436

      9-5 Design of Closure Member of Jacket to Vessel 436

      9-6 Design of Penetrations Through Jackets 442

      9-7 Design of Partial Jackets 442

      9-8 Fabrication 444

      9-10 Inspection 444

Mandatory Appendix 10 Quality Control System 445

      10-1 General 445

      10-2 Outline of Features to Be Included in the Written Description of the Quality Control System 445

      10-3 Authority and Responsibility 445

      10-4 Organization 445

      10-5 Drawings, Design Calculations, and Specification Control 445

      10-6 Material Control 446

      10-7 Examination and Inspection Program 446

      10-8 Correction of Nonconformities 446

      10-9 Welding 446

      10-10 Nondestructive Examination 446

      10-11 Heat Treatment 446

      10-12 Calibration of Measurement and Test Equipment 446

      10-13 Records Retention 446

      10-14 Sample Forms 447

      10-15 Inspection of Vessels and Vessel Parts 447

      10-16 Inspection of Pressure Relief Valves 447

      10-17 Certifications 447

Mandatory Appendix 11 Capacity Conversions for Safety Valves 448

      11-1 448

      11-2 451

Mandatory Appendix 12 Ultrasonic Examination of Welds (UT) 452

      12-1 Scope 452

      12-2 Certification of Competence of Nondestructive Examiner 452

      12-3 Acceptance-Rejection Standards 452

      12-4 Report of Examination 452

Mandatory Appendix 13 Vessels of Noncircular Cross Section 453

      13-1 Scope 453

      13-2 Types of Vessels 453

      13-3 Materials 453

      13-4 Design of Vessels of Noncircular Cross Section 457

      13-5 Nomenclature 460

      13-6 Ligament Efficiency of Multidiameter Holes in Plates 462

      13-7 Unreinforced Vessels of Rectangular Cross Section 463

      13-8 Reinforced Vessels of Rectangular Cross Section 465

      13-9 Stayed Vessels of Rectangular Cross Section [Figure 13-2(a), Sketches (7)and (8)] 470

      13-10 Unreinforced Vessels Having an Obround Cross Section [Figure 13-2(b)，Sketch (1)] 473

      13-11 Reinforced Vessels of Obround Cross Section [Figure 13-2（b)，Sketch (2)] 473

      13-12 Stayed Vessels of Obround Cross Section [Figure 13-2(b), Sketch (3)] 474

      13-13 Vessels of Circular Cross Section Having a Single Diametral Staying Member [Figure 13-2(c)] 475

      13-14 Vessels of Noncircular Cross Section Subject to External Pressure 476

      13-15 Fabrication 478

      13-16 Inspection 478

      13-17 Examples 478

      13-18 Special Calculations 478

Mandatory Appendix 14 Integral Flat Heads With a Large, Single, Circular, Centrally Located Opening 482

      14-1 Scope 482

      14-2 Nomenclature 482

      14-3 Design Procedure 482

      14-4 Data Reports 484

Mandatory Appendix 17 Dimpled or Embossed Assemblies 485

      17-1 Scope 485

      17-2 Service Restrictions 485

      17-3 Materials 485

      17-4 Thickness Limitations 486

      17-5 Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP) 486

      17-6 Design Limitations 486

      17-7 Welding Control 486

      17-8 Quality Control 488

      17-9 Records 488

      17-10 Data Reports 489

Mandatory Appendix 18 Adhesive Attachment of Nameplates 497

      18-1 Scope 497

      18-2 Nameplate Application Procedure Qualification 497

Mandatory Appendix 19 Electrically Heated or Gas-Fired Jacketed Steam Kettles 498

      19-1 Scope 498

      19-2 Service Restrictions 498

      19-3 Materials 498

      19-4 Design 498

      19-5 Inspection and Stamping 498

      19-6 Pressure Relief 498

      19-7 Appurtenances and Controls 498

      19-8 Data Reports 498

Mandatory Appendix 20 Hubs Machined From Plate 499

      20-1 Scope 499

      20-2 Material 499

      20-3 Examination Requirements 499

      20-4 Data Reports 499

Mandatory Appendix 21 Jacketed Vessels Constructed of Work-Hardened Nickel 500

      21-1 Scope 500

      21-2 Design Requirements 500

      21-3 Fabrication 500

      21-4 Data Reports 500

Mandatory Appendix 22 Integrally Forged Vessels 501

      22-1 Scope 501

      22-2 Material 501

      22-3 Design 501

      22-4 Heat Treatment 502

      22-5 Marking 502

      22-6 Data Reports 502

Mandatory Appendix 23 External Pressure Design of Copper, Copper Alloy, and Titanium Alloy Condenser and Heat Exchanger Tubes With Integral Fins 503

      23-1 Scope 503

      23-2 Materials 503

      23-3 Test Procedure 503

      23-4 Criteria 503

      23-5 Data Reports 504

Mandatory Appendix 24 Design Rules for Clamp Connections 505

      24-1 Scope 505

      24-2 Materials 505

      24-3 Notation 505

      24-4 Bolt Loads 509

      24-5 Hub Moments 510

      24-6 Calculation of Hub Stresses 510

      24-7 Calculation of Clamp Stresses 510

      24-8 Allowable Design Stresses for Clamp Connections 510

Mandatory Appendix 26 Bellows Expansion Joints 511

      26-1 Scope 511

      26-2 Conditions of Applicability 511

      26-3 Nomenclature 511

      26-4 Design Considerations 515

      26-5 Materials 518

      26-6 Design of U-Shaped Unreinforced Bellows 518

      26-7 Design of U-Shaped Reinforced Bellows 523

      26-8 Design of Toroidal Bellows 526

      26-9 Bellows Subjected to Axial, Lateral, or Angular Displacements 528

      26-10 Fabrication 531

      26-11 Examination 531

      26-12 Pressure Test Requirements 532

      26-13 Marking and Reports 533

      26-14 Examples 533

      26-15 Polynomial Approximation for Coefficients C_p, C_f, C_d 533

Mandatory Appendix 27 Alternative Requirements for Glass-Lined Vessels 541

      27-1 Scope 541

      27-2 Permissible Out-of-Roundness of Cylindrical Shells Under Internal Pressure 541

      27-3 Permissible Tolerance for Hemispherical or 2:1 Ellipsoidal Heads 541

      27-4 Hydrostatic Test 541

      27-5 Heat Treatment of Test Specimens 542

      27-6 Low Temperature Operation 542

      27-7 Postweld Heat Treatment 542

      27-8 Data Reports 542

Mandatory Appendix 30 Rules for Drilled Holes Not Penetrating Through Vessel Wall 543

      30-1 Scope 543

      30-2 Supplementary Requirements 543

      30-3 Nomenclature 543

Mandatory Appendix 31 Rules for Cr-Mo Steels With Additional Requirements for Welding and Heat Treatment 545

      31-1 Scope 545

      31-2 Postweld Heat Treatment 545

      31-3 Test Specimen Heat Treatment 547

      31-4 Welding Procedure Qualification and Welding Consumables Testing 547

      31-5 Toughness Requirements 547

Mandatory Appendix 32 Local Thin Areas in Cylindrical Shells and in Spherical Segments of Shells 548

      32-1 Scope 548

      32-2 General Requirements 548

      32-3 Nomenclature 548

      32-4 Allowable Locations for Local Thin Areas 549

      32-S Blend Grinding Requirements for Local Thin Areas 550

      32-6 Single Local Thin Areas in Cylindrical Shells 550

      32-7 Multiple Local Thin Areas in Cylindrical Shells 551

      32-8 Single Local Thin Areas in Spherical Segments of Shells 551

      32-9 Multiple Local Thin Areas in Spherical Segments of Shells 551

      32-10 Data Reports 551

Mandatory Appendix 33 Standard Units for Use in Equations 552

Mandatory Appendix 34 Requirements for Use of High Silicon Stainless Steels for Pressure Vessels 553

      34-1 Scope 553

      34-2 Heat Treatment 553

      34-3 Weld Procedure Qualification 553

      34-4 Toughness Requirements 554

      34-5 Additional Requirements 554

Mandatory Appendix 35 Rules for Mass Production of Pressure Vessels 555

      35-1 Introduction 555

      35-2 Scope 555

      35-3 General 555

      35-4 Quality Control Procedures 555

      35-5 Data Reports 556

      35-6 Pneumatic Testing 556

      35-7 Hydrostatic Testing 557

Mandatory Appendix 36 Standard Test Method for Determining the Flexural Strength of Certified Materials Using Three-Point Loading 558

      36-1 Scope 558

      36-2 Terminology 558

      36-3 Apparatus 558

      36-4 Test Specimen 558

      36-5 Procedure 558

      36-6 Test Data Record 558

      36-7 Calculation 558

      36-8 Report 559

Mandatory Appendix 37 Standard Test Method for Determining the Tensile Strength of Certified Impregnated Graphite Materials 560

      37-1 Scope 560

      37-2 Terminology 560

      37-3 Apparatus 560

      37-4 Test Specimens 560

      37-5 Procedure 560

      37-6 Test Data Record 560

      37-7 Calculations 560

      37-8 Reports 561

Mandatory Appendix 38 Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Impregnated Graphite 562

      38-1 Scope 562

      38-2 Referenced Documents 562

      38-3 Terminology 562

      38-4 Significance and Use 562

      38-5 Apparatus 562

      38-6 Sampling 562

      38-7 Test Specimen 562

      38-8 Procedure 562

      38-9 Calculation 563

      38-10 Report 563

      38-11 Precision and Bias 563

Mandatory Appendix 39 Testing the Coefficient of Permeability of Impregnated Graphite 564

      39-1 Scope and Field of Application 564

      39-2 Concept 564

      39-3 Principle 564

      39-4 Apparatus 564

      39-5 Specimens 565

      39-6 Procedure 565

      39-7 Test Report 565

      39-8 Precision 565

Mandatory Appendix 40 Thermal Expansion Test Method for Graphite and Impregnated Graphite 566

      40-1 Scope 566

      40-2 Test Method 566

      40-3 Equipment 566

      40-4 Test Specimen 566

      40-5 Testing Process 567

      40-6 Thermal Expansion Factor 567

Mandatory Appendix 41 Electric Immersion Heater Element Support Plates 569

      41-1 Scope 569

      41-2 Materials and Methods of Fabrication 569

      41-3 Terminology 569

      41-4 Conditions of Applicability for EIH Support Plates 569

      41-5 Nomenclature 569

      41-6 Design Considerations 571

      41-7 Calculation Procedure 571

      41-8 Pressure Test Requirement 572

      41-9 Data Reports 572

      41-10 Example 572

Mandatory Appendix 42 Diffusion Bonding 574

      42-1 General 574

      42-2 Diffusion Bonding Procedure Specification (DBPS) 574

      42-3 Diffusion Bonding Procedure Qualification Record (PQR) 574

      42-4 Diffusion Bonding Performance Qualification (DBPQ) 574

      42-5 Diffusion Bonding Variables 574

      42-6 Mechanical Testing of DBPQ and DBPS Diffusion Bonded Blocks . 574

      42-7 Production Diffusion Bond Examination 575

      42-8 Design 575

Mandatory Appendix 43 Establishing Governing Code Editions and Cases for Pressure Vessels and Parts 576

      43-1 General 576

      43-2 Construction 576

      43-3 Materials 576

Mandatory Appendix 44 Cold Stretching of Austenitic Stainless Steel Pressure Vessels 577

      44-1 Scope 577

      44-2 General Requirements 577

      44-3 Nomenclature 577

      44-4 Materials and Allowable Design Stress 577

      44-5 Design 577

      44-6 Fabrication Process 578

      44-7 Stamping and Certification 579

Mandatory Appendix 45 Plate Heat Exchangers 580

      45-1 Scope 580

      45-2 Materials of Construction 580

      45-3 Terminology 580

      45-4 Conditions of Applicability 581

      45-5 Design Considerations 581

      45-6 Calculation Procedure 582

      45-7 Pressure Test Requirements 582

      45-8 Manufacturer's Data Reports 582

Mandatory Appendix 46 Rules for Use of Section VIII, Division 2 583

      46-1 Scope 583

      46-2 Allowable Design Stress and Other Material Rules 583

      46-3 Design by Rule 583

      46-4 Design by Analysis 583

Nonmandatory Appendix A Basis for Establishing Allowable Loads for Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints 585

      A-l General 585

      A-2 Maximum Axial Loadings 586

      A-3 Shear Load Test 587

      A-4 Acceptance Standards forf_r Determined by Test 591

      A-5 Acceptance Standards for Proposed Operating Temperatures Determined by Test 591

Nonmandatory Appendix C Suggested Methods for Obtaining the Operating Temperature of Vessel Walls in Service 592

      C-1 Thermocouple Installation 592

      C-2 Alternative Thermocouple Installation 592

Nonmandatory Appendix D Suggested Good Practice Regarding Internal Structures 593

      D-1 Introduction 593

      D-2 Internal Structures Support 593

      D-3 Internal Structures Support Guidelines 593

Nonmandatory Appendix E Suggested Good Practice Regarding Corrosion Allowance 594

      E-1 General 594

      E-2 Predictable Corrosion Rate 594

      E-3 Indeterminate Corrosion Rate 594

      E-4 Negligible Corrosion Rate 594

      E-5 Corrosive Service 594

      E-6 External Attachment Corrosion Rate 594

Nonmandatory Appendix F Suggested Good Practice Regarding Linings 595

      F-1 General 595

      F-2 Metal Linings 595

      F-3 Paint 595

      F-4 Hydrotest Considerations for Metal Linings 595

Nonmandatory Appendix G Suggested Good Practice Regarding Piping Reactions and Design of Supports and Attachments 596

      G-1 General 596

      G-2 Supports Considerations 596

      G-3 Vertical Vessels, Post Supported 596

      G-4 Vertical Vessels Supported at Shell 596

      G-5 Vertical Vessels, Skirt Supported 596

      G-6 Horizontal Vessel Supports 597

      G-7 Horizontal Gas Storage Tank Supports 597

      G-8 Attachments Subject to Cyclic Loading 597

      G-9 Additional References 597

Nonmandatory Appendix H Guidance to Accommodate Loadings Produced by Deflagration 598

      H-1 Scope 598

      H-2 General 598

      H-3 Design Limitations 598

      H-4 Design Criteria 598

      H-5 References 599

Nonmandatory Appendix K Sectioning of Welded Joints 600

      K-1 Etch Tests 600

      K-2 Closure of Openings Resulting From Sectioning 600

      K-3 Preheating 601

Nonmandatory Appendix L Application of Rules for Joint Efficiency in Shells and Heads of Vessels With Welded Joints 602

      L-l Vessels Under Internal Pressure 602

Nonmandatory Appendix M Installation and Operation 607

      M-1 Introduction 607

      M-2 Corrosion 607

      M-3 Marking on the Vessel 607

      M-4 Pressure-Relieving Devices 607

      M-5 Stop Valves Located in the Relief Path 607

      M-6 Inlet Pressure Drop for High Lift, Top-Guided Safety, Safety Relief, and Pilot-Operated Pressure Relief Valves in Compressible Fluid Service 609

      M-7 Discharge Lines From Pressure Relief Devices 610

      M-8 Pressure Drop, Nonreclosing Pressure Relief Devices 610

      M-9 General Advisory Information on the Characteristics of Pressure Relief Devices Discharging Into a Common Header 610

      M-10 Pressure Differentials for Pressure Relief Valves 610

      M-11 Installation of Safety and Safety Relief Valves 611

      M-12 Reaction Forces and Externally Applied Loads 611

      M-13 Sizing of Pressure Relief Devices for Fire Conditions 612

      M-14 Pressure-Indicating Device 612

Nonmandatory Appendix P Basis for Establishing Allowable Stress Values for UCI, UCD, and ULT Materials 613

      P-1 613

Nonmandatory Appendix R Preheating 614

      Introduction 614

      R-1 P-No. 1 Group Nos. 1, 2, and 3 614

      R-2 P-No. 3 Group Nos. 1, 2, and 3 614

      R-3 P-No. 4 Group Nos. 1 and 2 614

      R-4 P-Nos. 5A and 5B Group No. 1 614

      R-5 P-No. 6 Group Nos. 1, 2, and 3 614

      R-6 P-No. 7 Group Nos. 1 and 2 614

      R-7 P-No. 8 Group Nos. 1 and 2 614

      R-8 P-No. 9 Groups 614

      R-9 P-No. 10 Groups 614

      R-10 P-No. 11 Groups 614

      R-11 P-No. 15E Group No. 1 615

Nonmandatory Appendix S Design Considerations for Bolted Flange Connections 616

      S-1 Bolting 616

Nonmandatory Appendix T Temperature Protection 618

Nonmandatory Appendix W Guide for Preparing Manufacturer's Data Reports 619

      W-1 Guide for Preparing Manufacturer's Data Reports 619

      W-2 Guide for Preparing Supplemental Data Reports for Parts Constructed of Graphite 619

Nonmandatory Appendix Y Flat Face Flanges With Metal-to-Metal Contact Outside the Bolt Circle 651

      Y-1 General 651

      Y-2 Materials 652

      Y-3 Notation 652

      Y-4 Bolt Loads 656

      Y-5 Classification of Assemblies and Categorization of Individual Flanges 656

      Y-6 Flange Analysis 658

      Y-7 Allowable Flange Design Stresses 662

      Y-8 Prestressing the Bolts 662

      Y-9 Estimating Flange Thicknesses and Bolting 662

      Y-10 664

Nonmandatory Appendix DD Guide to Information Appearing on Certificate of Authorization 665

Nonmandatory Appendix EE Half-Pipe Jackets 666

      EE-1 General 666

      EE-2 Half-Pipe Jackets 666

      EE-3 Jackets With Other Geometries 666

Nonmandatory Appendix FF Guide for the Design and Operation of Quick-Actuating and Quick-Opening Closures 671

      FF-1 Introduction 671

      FF-2 Responsibilities 671

      FF-3 Design 671

      FF-4 Installation 672

      FF-5 Maintenance 672

      FF-6 Inspection 672

      FF-7 Training 672

      FF-8 Administrative Controls 673

Nonmandatory Appendix GG Guidance for the Use of U.S. Customary and SI Units in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code 674

      GG-1 Use of Units in Equations 674

      GG-2 Guidelines Used to Develop SI Equivalents 674

      GG-3 Soft Conversion Factors 676

Nonmandatory Appendix HH Tube Expanding Procedures and Qualification 677

      HH-1 General 677

      HH-2 Scope 677

      HH-3 Terms and Definitions 677

      HH-4 Tube Expanding Procedure Specification (TEPS) 678

      HH-5 Tube Expanding Procedure Qualification 678

      HH-6 Tube Expanding Performance Qualification (TEPQ) 678

      HH-7 Tube Expanding Variables 678

Nonmandatory Appendix JJ Flowcharts Illustrating Toughness Testing Requirements and Exemptions From Toughness Testing by the Rules of UHA-51 686

      JJ-1 UHA-51 Toughness Test Requirements for High Alloy Vessels 686

Nonmandatory Appendix KK Guide for Preparing User's Design Requirements 692

      KK-1 Introduction 692

Nonmandatory Appendix LL Graphical Representations of F_(t,min) and F_(t,max) 698

Nonmandatory Appendix MM Alternative Marking and Stamping of Graphite Pressure Vessels 701

      MM-1 General Requirements 701

      MM-2 Application of the Certification Mark 701

      MM-3 Application of Characters Directly to Graphite 701

      MM-4 Acceptance Criterion 701

Nonmandatory Appendix NN Guidance to the Responsibilities of the User and Designated Agent 702

      NN-1 Introduction 702

      NN-2 Information Regarding the "User" Designation 702

      NN-3 Information Regarding the User's "Designated Agent" 702

      NN-4 Common Scenarios Involving the "User" or "Designated Agent" Responsibilities 703

      NN-5 Examples Illustrating the NN-4 Common Scenarios Involving the "User or His Designated Agent" 703

      NN-6 Specific Code-Assigned Responsibilities 703

FIGURES

UG-28 Diagrammatic Representation of Variables for Design of Cylindrical Vessels Subjected to External Pressure 20

UG-28.1 Diagrammatic Representation of Lines of Support for Design of Cylindrical Vessels Subjected to External Pressure 21

UG-29.1 Various Arrangements of Stiffening Rings for Cylindrical Vessels Subjected to External Pressure 25

UG-29.2 Maximum Arc of Shell Left Unsupported Because of Gap in Stiffening Ring of Cylindrical Shell Under External Pressure 26

UG-30 Some Acceptable Methods of Attaching Stiffening Rings 28

UG-33.1 Length L_c of Some Typical Conical Sections for External Pressure 31

UG-34 Some Acceptable Types of Unstayed Flat Heads and Covers 34

UG-36 Large Head Openings — Reverse-Curve and Conical Shell-Reducer Sections 39

UG-37 Chart for Determining Value of F, as Required in UG-37 42

UG-37.1 Nomenclature and Formulas for Reinforced Openings 43

UG-38 Minimum Depth for Flange of Flued-In Openings 44

UG-39 Openings in Flat Heads and Covers 46

UG-40 Some Representative Configurations Describing the Reinforcement Dimension t_e and the Opening Dimension d 48

UG-41.1 Nozzle Attachment Weld Loads and Weld Strength Paths to Be Considered 51

UG-42 Examples of Multiple Openings 53

UG-47 Acceptable Proportions for Ends of Stays 57

UG-53.1 Example of Tube Spacing With Pitch of Holes Equal in Every Row 59

UG-53.2 Example of Tube Spacing With Pitch of Holes Unequal in Every Second Row 59

UG-53.3 Example of Tube Spacing With Pitch of Holes Varying in Every Second and Third Row 60

UG-53.4 Example of Tube Spacing With Tube Holes on Diagonal Lines 60

UG-53.5 Diagram for Determining the Efficiency of Longitudinal and Diagonal Ligaments Between Openings in Cylindrical Shells 61

UG-53.6 Diagram for Determining Equivalent Longitudinal Efficiency of Diagonal Ligaments Between Openings in Cylindrical Shells 62

UG-80.1 Maximum Permissible Deviation From a Circular Form e for Vessels Under External Pressure 65

UG-80.2 Example of Differences Between Maximum and Minimum Inside Diameters in Cylindrical, Conical, and Spherical Shells 65

UG-84 Simple Beam Impact Test Specimens (Charpy Type Test) 66

UG-84.1 Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements for Full-Size Specimens for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels, Having a Specified Minimum Tensile Strength of Less Than 95 ksi, Listed in Table UCS-23 68

UG-84.1M Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements for Full-Size Specimens for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels, Having a Specified Minimum Tensile Strength of Less Than 655 MPa, Listed in Table UCS-23 69

UG-84.5 HAZ Impact Specimen Removal 71

UG-116 Official Certification Mark to Denote the American Society of Mechanical Engineers' Standard 85

UG-118 Form of Stamping 88

UG-129.1 Official Certification Mark to Denote the American Society of Mechanical Engineers' Standard for Pressure Relief Valves 95

UG-129.2 Official Certification Mark to Denote the American Society of Mechanical Engineers' Standard for Nonreclosing Pressure Relief Devices 95

UW-3 Illustration of Welded Joint Locations Typical of Categories A, B, C, and D 116

UW-9-1 Butt Welding of Plates of Unequal Thickness 118

UW-9-2 Butt Welding of Components to Thickened Neck Nozzles 118

UW-13.1 Heads Attached to Shells 122

UW-13.2 Attachment of Pressure Parts to Flat Plates to Form a Corner Joint 125

UW-13.3 Typical Pressure Parts With Butt-Welded Hubs 130

UW-13.4 Nozzle Necks Attached to Piping of Lesser Wall Thickness 130

UW-13.5 Fabricated Lap Joint Stub Ends for Lethal Service 131

UW-16.1 Some Acceptable Types of Welded Nozzles and Other Connections to Shells, Heads, etc. 132

UW-16.2 Some Acceptable Types of Small Standard Fittings 139

UW-16.3 Some Acceptable Types of Small Bolting Pads 140

UW-19.1 Typical Forms of Welded Staybolts 142

UW-19.2 Use of Plug and Slot Welds for Staying Plates 142

UW-20.1 Some Acceptable Types of Tube-to-Tubesheet Strength Welds 144

UW-21 Welds of Socket Weld Flanges to Nozzle Necks 146

UB-14 Examples of Filler Metal Application 162

UB-16 Some Acceptable Types of Brazed Joints 163

UCS-66 Impact Test Exemption Curves 182

UCS-66M Impact Test Exemption Curves 185

UCS-66.1 Reduction in Minimum Design Metal Temperature Without Impact Testing 190

UCS-66.1M Reduction in Minimum Design Metal Temperature Without Impact Testing 191

UCS-66.2 Diagram of UCS-66 Rules for Determining Lowest Minimum Design Metal Temperature (MDMT) Without Impact Testing 192

UCS-66.3 Some Typical Vessel Details Showing the Governing Thicknesses as Defined in UCS-66 194

UHA-51-1 Weld Metal Delta Ferrite Content 222

UHT-6.1 Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements 241

UHT-6.1M Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements 241

UHT-18.1 Acceptable Welded Nozzle Attachment Readily Radiographed to Code Standards 243

UHT-18.2 Acceptable Full Penetration Welded Nozzle Attachments Radiographable With Difficulty and Generally Requiring Special Techniques Including Multiple Exposures to Take Care of Thickness Variations 244

ULW-2.1 Some Acceptable Layered Shell Types 252

ULW-2.2 Some Acceptable Layered Head Types 253

ULW-17.1 Transitions of Layered Shell Sections 255

ULW-17.2 Some Acceptable Solid Head Attachments to Layered Shell Sections 256

ULW-17.3 Some Acceptable Flat Heads and Tubesheets With Hubs Joining Layered Shell Sections 258

ULW-17.4 Some Acceptable Flanges for Layered Shells 259

ULW-17.5 Some Acceptable Layered Head Attachments to Layered Shells 260

ULW-17.6 Some Acceptable Welded Joints of Layered-to-Layered and Layered-to-Solid Sections 261

ULW-18.1 Some Acceptable Nozzle Attachments in Layered Shell Sections 263

ULW-22 Some Acceptable Supports for Layered Vessels 265

ULW-32.1 Solid-to-Layered and Layered-to-Layered Test Plates 267

ULW-32.2 268

ULW-32.3 268

ULW-32.4 269

ULW-54.1 270

ULW-54.2 271

ULW-77 273

UHX-3 Terminology of Heat Exchanger Components 284

UHX-4-1 Nozzles Adjacent to Tubesheets 285

UHX-9 Some Representative Configurations Describing the Minimum Required Thickness of the Tubesheet Flanged Extension, h_r 288

UHX-10 Integral Channels 289

UHX-11.3-1 Tubesheet Geometry 291

UHX-11.3-2 Typical Untubed Lane Configurations 292

UHX-11.3-3 Location of Tubesheet Metal Temperature, T', at Rim 293

UHX-11.5.2-1 Curves for the Determination of E*/E and v* (Equilateral Triangular Pattern) 294

UHX-11.5.2-2 Curves for the Determination of E*/E and v* (Square Pattern) 295

UHX-12.1 U-Tube Tubesheet Configurations 296

UHX-12.2 Tube Layout Perimeter 297

UHX-13.1 Fixed Tubesheet Configurations 304

UHX-13.2 Z_d, Z_v, Z_w, and Z_m Versus X_a 307

UHX-13.4 Different Shell Thicknesses and/or Material Adjacent to the Tubesheets 308

UHX-13.5.7-1 F_m Versus X_a （0.0 ≤ Q_3 ≤ 0.8） 310

UHX-13.5.7-2 F_m Versus X_a （-0.8 ≤Q_3≤ 0.0） 311

UHX-13.10.3-1 Kettle Shell 318

UHX-14.1 Floating Tubesheet Heat Exchangers 320

UHX-14.2 Stationary Tubesheet Configurations 321

UHX-14.3 Floating Tubesheet Configurations 323

UIG-34-1 Typical Graphite Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger 338

UIG-34-2 Fixed Tubesheet Configurations 338

UIG-34-3 Floating Tubesheet Configurations 339

UIG-34-4 Tubesheet Geometry 346

UIG-36-1 Unacceptable Nozzle Attachment Details 349

UIG-36-2 Some Acceptable Nozzle Attachment Details in Impregnated Graphite Pressure Vessels 350

UIG-76-1 Tension Test Specimen 355

UIG-76-2 Cement Material Tension Test Specimen 356

UIG-76-3 Tube-to-Tubesheet Tension Test Specimen 357

UIG-76-4 Tube Cement Joint Tension Test Specimen 358

UIG-76-5 Tube Tension Test Specimen 359

1-4 Principal Dimensions of Typical Heads 378

1-6 Dished Covers With Bolting Flanges 383

1-7-1 386

1-7-2 386

2-4 Types of Flanges 395

2-7.1 Values of T, U, Y, and Z (Terms Involving K) 404

2-7.2 Values of F (Integral Flange Factors) 405

2-7.3 Values of V (Integral Flange Factors) 406

2-7.4 Values of F_L (Loose Hub Flange Factors) 407

2-7.5 Values of V_L (Loose Hub Flange Factors) 407

2-7.6 Values of f (Hub Stress Correction Factor) 408

2-13.1 Reverse Flange 411

2-13.2 Loose Ring Type Reverse Flange 412

4-1 Aligned Rounded Indications 418

4-2 Groups of Aligned Rounded Indications 419

4-3 Charts for t Equal to 1/8 in. to 1/4 in. (3 mm to 6 mm), Inclusive 420

4-4 Charts for t Over 1/4 in. to 3/8 in. (6 mm to 10 mm), Inclusive 421

4-5 Charts for t Over 3/8 in. to 3/4 in. (10 mm to 19 mm), Inclusive 421

4-6 Charts for t Over 3/4 in. to 2 in. (19 mm to 50 mm), Inclusive 422

4-7 Charts for t Over 2 in. to 4 in. (50 mm to 100 mm), Inclusive 423

4-8 Charts for t Over 4 in. (100 mm) 424

5-1 Typical Flexible Shell Element Expansion Joints 426

5-2 Typical Nozzle Attachment Details Showing Minimum Length of Straight Flange or Outer Shell Element 427

9-2 Some Acceptable Types of Jacketed Vessels 437

9-5 Some Acceptable Types of Jacket Closures 439

9-6 Some Acceptable Types of Penetration Details 443

9-7 444

11-1 Constant, C, for Gas or Vapor Related to Ratio of Specific Heats (k = c_p/c_v) 449

11-1M Constant, C, for Gas or Vapor Related to Ratio of Specific Heats (k = c_p/c_v) 449

11-2 Flow Capacity Curve for Rating Nozzle-Type Safety Valves on Saturated Water (Based on 10% Overpressure) 451

11-2M Flow Capacity Curve for Rating Nozzle-Type Safety Valves on Saturated Water (Based on 10% Overpressure) 451

13-2(a) Vessels of Rectangular Cross Section 454

13-2(b) Vessels of Obround Cross Section 458

13-2(c) Vessel of Circular Cross Section With Central Dividing Plate 459

13-6 Plate With Multidiameter Hole Pattern 463

13-14(a) 477

13-14(b) Orientation of Panel Dimensions and Stresses 477

14-1 Integral Flat Head With Large Central Opening 483

17-1 Two Embossed Plates 489

17-2 Two Dimpled Plates 489

17-3 Embossed Plate to Plain Plate 489

17-4 Arc-Spot-Welded Two-Layer Assembly 490

17-5 Dimpled Plate Welded to Plain Plate 490

17-6 Three-Ply Assemblies 490

17-7 Single-Spot-Weld Tension Specimen, Two-Ply Joint 490

17-8 Seam-Weld Specimen for Tension and Macrosection, Two-Ply Joint 491

17-9 Single Spot-Weld Tension Specimen for Three-Ply Joint 491

17-10 Seam-Weld Specimen for Tension and Macrosection for Three-Ply Joint 491

17-11 Gas Metal Arc-Spot-Weld Block for Macrosections and Strength Tests 492

17-12 Gas Metal Arc-Spot-Weld Block for Bend Tests 493

17-13 Gas Tungsten-Arc Seam Weld, Plasma-Arc Seam Weld, Submerged-Arc Seam Weld, and Laser Beam Seam Weld Test Specimen for Bend Tests 494

17-14 495

17-15 495

17-16 Peel Test 495

17-17 Complete Penetration Welding Per 17-1(c) 496

22-1 Typical Sections of Special Seamless Vessels 501

24-1 Typical Hub and Clamp 506

24-2 Typical Clamp Lug Configurations 507

26-1-1 Typical Bellows Expansion Joints 512

26-1-2 Starting Points for the Measurement of the Length of Shell on Each Side of the Bellows 513

26-2 Dimensions to Determine I_(xx) 515

26-3 Possible Convolution Profile in the Neutral Position 518

26-4 Coefficient C_p 519

26-5 Coefficient C_f 520

26-6 Coefficient C_d 524

26-7 Bellows Subjected to an Axial Displacement x 527

26-8 Bellows Subjected to a Lateral Deflection y 530

26-9 Bellows Subjected to an Angular Rotation θ 530

26-10 Cyclic Displacements 532

26-11 Cyclic Displacements 533

26-12 Cyclic Displacements 533

26-13 Some Typical Expansion Bellows to Weld End Details 534

26-14 Toroidal Bellows Manufacturing Tolerances 535

30-1 Thickness Ratio Versus Diameter Ratio 543

31-1 546

32-3 Nomenclature 548

32-4-1 Limits for Torispherical Head 549

32-4-2 Limits for Ellipsoidal Head 550

32-4-3 Limits for Hemispherical Head 550

32-5-1 LTA Blend Grinding 551

36-4-1 Test Specimen Arrangement 559

39-4-1 Schematic Diagram of Vacuum Apparatus 565

40-3-1 Typical Equipment (Dilometer) for Thermal Expansion Test 566

40-6-1 Typical Recording Curve in Thermal Expansion Test, ΔL_t =f(θ) 567

41-1-1 EIH Support Plate Gasketed With Mating Flange 569

41-4-1 Typical EIH Support Plate and Element Geometry 570

41-5-1 Some Representative Configurations Describing the Minimum Required Thickness of the EIH Support Plate Flanged Extension, h_r 571

45-3.1-1 Typical Plate Heat Exchanger 581

A-2 Some Acceptable Types of Tube-to-Tubesheet Welds 589

A-3 Typical Test Fixtures for Expanded or Welded Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints 590

K-2 Some Acceptable Types of Filler Plugs 601

L-1.4-1 Joint Efficiency and Weld Joint Type — Cylinders and Cones 603

L-1.4-2 Joint Efficiency and Weld Joint Type — Heads 604

L-1.4-3 Joint Efficiencies for Category A and D Welded Joints in Shells, Heads, or Cones 605

L-1.4-4 Joint Efficiencies for Category B and C Welded Joints in Shells or Cones 606

W-3.1 Example of the Use of Form U-4 646

Y-3.1 654

Y-3.2 Flange Dimensions and Forces 655

Y-5.1.1 Class 1 Flange Assembly (Identical Flange Pairs) 657

Y-5.1.2 Class 2 Flange Assembly 657

Y-5.1.3 Class 3 Flange Assembly 658

EE-1 NPS 2 Pipe Jacket 667

EE-2 NPS 3 Pipe Jacket 668

EE-3 NPS 4 Pipe Jacket 669

EE-4 670

EE-5 670

JJ-1.2-1 Austenitic Stainless Steel Base Metal and HAZ Toughness Testing Requirements 687

JJ-1.2-2 Welding Procedure Qualification With Toughness Testing Requirements for Austenitic Stainless Steel 688

JJ-1.2-3 Welding Consumable Pre-Use Testing Requirements for Austenitic Stainless Steel 689

JJ-1.2-4 Production Toughness Testing Requirements for Austenitic Stainless Steel 690

JJ-1.2-5 Austenitic-Ferritic Duplex, Ferritic Chromium, and Martensitic Stainless Steel Toughness Testing Requirements 691

LL-1 Graphical Representation of F_(t,min) 699

LL-2 Graphical Representation of F_(t,max) 700

TABLES

U-3 Year of Acceptable Edition of Referenced Standards in This Division 5

U-4-1 Standard Units for Use in Equations 6

UG-33.1 Values of Spherical Radius Factor K_0 for Ellipsoidal Head With Pressure on Convex Side … 31

UG-37 Values of Spherical Radius Factor K_1 44

UG-43 Minimum Number of Pipe Threads for Connections 53

UG-44-1 Moment Factor, F_M 55

UG-45 Nozzle Minimum Thickness Requirements 56

UG-79-1 Equations for Calculating Forming Strains 63

UG-84.2 Charpy Impact Test Temperature Reduction Below Minimum Design Metal Temperature 70

UG-84.3 Specifications for Impact Tested Materials in Various Product Forms 70

UG-84.4 Impact Test Temperature Differential 70

UG-84.6 Required HAZ Impact Test Specimen Set Removal 71

UW-12 Maximum Allowable Joint Efficiencies for Welded Joints 121

UW-16.1 Minimum Thickness Requirements for Fittings 138

UW-33 148

UB-2 Maximum Design Temperatures for Brazing Filler Metal 160

UB-17 Recommended Joint Clearances at Brazing Temperature 163

UCS-23 Carbon and Low Alloy Steel 169

UCS-56-1 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels - P-No. 1 172

UCS-56-2 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels - P-No. 3 173

UCS-56-3 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels - P-No. 4 174

UCS-56-4 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels - P-Nos. 5A, 5B, and 5C 175

UCS-56-5 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels - P-No. 9A 176

UCS-56-6 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels - P-No. 9B 177

UCS-56-7 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels - P-No. 10A . 178

UCS-56-8 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels - P-No. 10B 178

UCS-56-9 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels - P-No. 10C 179

UCS-56-11 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels - P-No. 15E 180

UCS-56.1 Alternative Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels 181

UCS-57 Thickness Above Which Full Radiographic Examination of Butt-Welded Joints Is Mandatory 181

UCS-66 Tabular Values for Figure UCS-66 and Figure UCS-66M 188

UCS-79-1 Post-Cold-Forming Strain Limits and Heat Treatment Requirements for P-No. 15E Materials 199

UNF-23.1 Nonferrous Metals - Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Products 204

UNF-23.2 Nonferrous Metals - Copper and Copper Alloys 204

UNF-23.3 Nonferrous Metals — Nickel, Cobalt, and High Nickel Alloys 205

UNF-23.4 Nonferrous Metals - Titanium and Titanium Alloys 206

UNF-23.5 Nonferrous Metals - Zirconium 206

UNF-79 Postfabrication Strain Limits and Required Heat Treatment 209

UHA-23 High Alloy Steel 214

UHA-32-1 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for High Alloy Steels — P-No. 6 216

UHA-32-2 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for High Alloy Steels — P-No. 7 217

UHA-32-3 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for High Alloy Steels — P-No. 8 217

UHA-32-4 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for High Alloy Steels — P-No. 10H 218

UHA-32-5 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for High Alloy Steels — P-No. 101 218

UHA-32-6 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for High Alloy Steels — P-No. 10K 219

UHA-32-7 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for High Alloy Steels — P-No. 45 219

UHA-44 Postfabrication Strain Limits and Required Heat Treatment 221

UCI-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values in Tension for Cast Iron 228

UCI-78.1 229

UCI-78.2 229

UCD-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values in Tension for Cast Ductile Iron, ksi (MPa) 237

UCD-78.1 238

UCD-78.2 238

UHT-23 Ferritic Steels With Properties Enhanced by Heat Treatment 245

UHT-56 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Materials in Table UHT-23 247

ULT-23 V001 Maximum Allowable Stress Values in Tension for 5%, 7%, 8%, and 9% Nickel Steels; Types 304 and 316 Stainless Steels; and 5083-0 Aluminum Alloy at Cryogenic Temperatures for Welded and Nonwelded Construction 276

ULT-82 Minimum Tensile Strength Requirements for Welding Procedure Qualification Tests on Tension Specimens Conforming to Section IX, Figures QW-462.1(a) Through QW-462.1(e) 280

ULT-82M Minimum Tensile Strength Requirements for Welding Procedure Qualification Tests on Tension Specimens Conforming to Section IX, Figures QW-462.1(a) Through QW-462.1(e) 281

UHX-8.1 Tubesheet Effective Bolt Load, W* 286

UHX-12.4-1 298

UHX-13.1 Formulas for Determination of Z_d, Z_v, Z_m, Z_w, and F_m 305

UHX-13.2 Formulas for Determination of F_(t,min) and F_(t,max) 306

UHX-13.4-1 307

UHX-13.4-2 308

UHX-13.8.4-1 315

UHX-14.4-1 324

UHX-14.6.4-1 329

UHX-17 Flexible Shell Element Expansion Joint Load Cases and Stress Limits 331

UIG-6-1 Properties of Certified Material 336

UIG-34-1 342

UIG-34-2 Values for Determining E*/E and v* Equilateral Triangular Pattern 345

UIG-34-3 Values for Determining E*/E and v* Equilateral Square Pattern 345

UIG-34-4 Formulas for Determination of Z_d, Z_v， Z_m, Z_w， and F_m 347

UIG-34-5 Formulas for Determination of F_(t,min) and F_(t,max) 348

UIG-84-1 Test Frequency for Certified Materials 361

1-4.1 Values of Factor K 378

1-4.2 Values of Factor M 379

1-4.3 Maximum Metal Temperature 379

1-4.4 Values of Knuckle Radius, r 380

1-5.1 Values of Δ for Junctions at the Large Cylinder for α ≤ 30 deg 380

1-5.2 Values of Δ for Junctions at the Small Cylinder for α ≤ 30 deg 381

1-8.1 Values of Δ for Junctions at the Large Cylinder for α ≤ 60 deg 388

2-4 Recommended Minimum Gasket Contact Widths for Sheet and Composite Gaskets 398

2-5.1 Gasket Materials and Contact Facings 399

2-5.2 Effective Gasket Width 401

2-6 Moment Arms for Flange Loads Under Operating Conditions 402

2-7.1 Flange Factors in Formula Form 409

2-14 Flange Rigidity Factors 413

4-1 417

11-1 Molecular Weights of Gases and Vapors 450

13-8(d) 465

13-8(e) 470

13-13(c) 476

13-18.1 480

13-18(b) 481

24-8 Allowable Design Stress for Clamp Connections 510

26-2-1 Maximum Design Temperatures for Application of the Rules of Mandatory Appendix 26 513

26-8 Tabular Values for Coefficients B_1, B_2, B_3 529

26-10-1 U-Shaped Unreinforced and Reinforced Bellows Manufacturing Tolerances 532

26-15.1a Polynomial Coefficients α_i for the Determination of C_p When C_1 ≤ 0.3 535

26-15.lb Polynomial Coefficients α_i for the Determination of C_p When C_1 > 0.3 535

26-15.2 Polynomial Coefficients β_i for the Determination of C_f 536

26-15.3 Polynomial Coefficients γ_i for the Determination of C_d 536

31-1 Material Specifications 545

31-2 Composition Requirements for 21/44Cr-1Mo-1/4V Weld Metal 546

34-1 Material Specifications 553

34-2 Additional Requirements 554

42-5.1-1 575

44-4-1 Allowable Materials and Design Stress 577

A-2 Efficiencies f_r 588

P-1 Criteria for Establishing Allowable Stress Values 613

W-3 Instructions for the Preparation of Manufacturer's Data Reports 641

W-3.1 Supplementary Instructions for the Preparation of Manufacturer's Data Reports for Layered Vessels 647

W-3.2 Supplementary Instructions for the Preparation of Manufacturer's or Assembler's Certificate of Conformance Forms UV-1 and UD-1 650

Y-6.1 Summary of Applicable Equations for Different Classes of Assemblies and Different Categories of Flanges 658

Y-9.1 Trial Flange Thickness and Area of Bolting for Various Classes of Assemblies and Flange Categories 663

QEXP-1 Instructions for Filling Out TEPS Form 682

KK-1 Instructions for the Preparation of User's Design Requirements 697

NN-6-1 Responsibilities of the User 705

NN-6-2 Matters of Agreement Between the User and the Manufacturer 706

NN-6-3 The Manufacturer's Responsibility to the User 706

NN-6-4 Recommendations to the User 707

NN-6-5 Responsibilities of the User or His Designated Agent 707

NN-6-6 Matters of Agreement Between the User or His Designated Agent and the Manufacturer 707

NN-6-7 The Manufacturer's Responsibility to the User or His Designated Agent 708

NN-6-8 Recommendations to the User or His Designated Agent 708

NN-6-9 Cautionary Advice Provided to the User 708

NN-6-10 Guidance Code to Users and Their Designated Agents 709

NN-6-11 User-Manufacturer Rules 709

FORMS

CMQ Certified Material Qualification Form 364

CCQ Certified Cement Qualification Form 371

CPQ Cementing Procedure Qualification Form 373

CTQ Cementing Technician Qualification Form 375

26-1 Specification Sheet for ASME Section VIII, Division 1 Mandatory Appendix 26 Bellows Expansion Joints 537

26-1M Specification Sheet for ASME Section VIII, Division 1 Mandatory Appendix 26 Bellows Expansion Joints 539

U-1 Manufacturer's Data Report for Pressure Vessels 620

U-1A Manufacturer's Data Report for Pressure Vessels 623

U-1B Manufacturer's Supplementary Data Report for Graphite Pressure Vessels 625

U-1P Manufacturer's Data Report for Plate Heat Exchangers 626

U-2 Manufacturer's Partial Data Report 628

U-2A Manufacturer's Partial Data Report (Alternative Form) 631

U-3 Manufacturer's Certificate of Compliance Covering Pressure Vessels to Be Stamped With the UM Designator [See U-l(j)] 633

U-3A Manufacturer's Certificate of Compliance (Alternative Form) Covering Pressure Vessels to Be Stamped With the UM Designator [See U-1(j)] 635

U-3P Manufacturer's Certificate of Compliance for Plate Heat Exchangers Covering Pressure Vessels to Be Stamped With the UM Designator [See U-1(j)] 637

U-4 Manufacturer's Data Report Supplementary Sheet 639

U-5 Manufacturer's Data Report Supplementary Sheet Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers 640

UV-1 Manufacturer's or Assembler's Certificate of Conformance for Pressure Relief Valves 648

UD-1 Manufacturer's Certificate of Conformance for Nonreclosing Pressure Relief Devices 649

QEXP-1 Tube Expanding Procedure Specification (TEPS) 680

QEXP-2 Suggested Format for Tube-to-Tubesheet Expanding Procedure Qualification Record for Test Qualification (TEPQR) 684

U-DR-1 User's Design Requirements for Single-Chamber Pressure Vessels 693

U-DR-2 User's Design Requirements for Multichamber Pressure Vessels 695

ENDNOTES 711

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