This book presents a wide-ranging review of the latest research and development directions in thermal systems optimization using population-based metaheuristic methods. It helps readers to identify the best methods for their own systems, providing details of mathematical models and algorithms suitable for implementation.
To reduce mathematical complexity, the authors focus on optimization of individual components rather than taking on systems as a whole. They employ numerous case studies: heat exchangers; cooling towers; power generators; refrigeration systems; and others. The importance of these subsystems to real-world situations from internal combustion to air-conditioning is made clear.
The thermal systems under discussion are analysed using various metaheuristic techniques, with comparative results for different systems. The inclusion of detailed MATLAB® codes in the text will assist readers—researchers, practitioners or students—to assess these techniques for different real-world systems.
Thermal System Optimization is a useful tool for thermal design researchers and engineers in academia and industry, wishing to perform thermal system identification with properly optimized parameters. It will be of interest for researchers, practitioners and graduate students with backgrounds in mechanical, chemical and power engineering.

1 Introduction 1

References 4

2 Metaheuristic Methods 7

2.1 Genetic Algorithm (GA) 8

      2.1.1 Reproduction 8

      2.1.2 Crossover 9

      2.1.3 Mutation 9

2.2 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm 10

2.3 Differential Evolution (DE) Algorithm 12

2.4 Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) Algorithm 14

2.5 Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) 16

2.6 Teaching–Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) Algorithm 17

      2.6.1 Teacher Phase 18

      2.6.2 Learner Phase 18

2.7 Symbiotic Organism Search (SOS) Algorithm 19

      2.7.1 Mutualism Phase 20

      2.7.2 Commensalism Phase 20

      2.7.3 Parasitism Phase 21

2.8 Water Wave Optimization (WWO) Algorithm 22

      2.8.1 Propagation Operator 22

      2.8.2 Refraction Operator 23

      2.8.3 Breaking Operator 23

2.9 Heat Transfer Search (HTS) Algorithm 24

2.10 Passing Vehicle Search (PVS) Algorithm 27

2.11 Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) 29

2.12 Parameter Tuning of Algorithms 30

References 32

3 Thermal Design and Optimization of Heat Exchangers 33

3.1 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger (STHE) 33

3.1.1 Thermal Model 37

3.1.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 45

3.1.3 Results and Discussion 47

3.2 Plate-Fin Heat Exchanger (PFHE) 49

      3.2.1 Thermal Model 53

      3.2.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 57

      3.2.3 Results and Discussion 59

3.3 Fin and Tube Heat Exchanger (FTHE) 62

      \3.3.1 Thermal Model 64

      3.3.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 68

      3.3.3 Results and Discussion 70

3.4 Regenerative Heat Exchanger (Rotary Regenerator) 72

      3.4.1 Thermal Model 74

      3.4.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 78

      3.4.3 Results and Discussion 79

3.5 Plate Heat Exchanger (PHE) 82

      3.5.1 Thermal Model 84

      3.5.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 89

      3.5.3 Results and Discussion 90

References 92

4 Thermal Design and Optimization of Heat Engines and Heat Pumps 99

4.1 Carnot Heat Engine 100

      4.1.1 Thermal Model 103

      4.1.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 105

      4.1.3 Results and Discussion 106

4.2 Rankine Heat Engine 108

      4.2.1 Thermal Model 111

      4.2.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 114

      4.2.3 Results and Discussion 115

4.3 Stirling Heat Engine 118

      4.3.1 Thermal Model 120

      4.3.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 124

      4.3.3 Results and Discussion 125

4.4 Brayton Heat Engine 128

      4.4.1 Thermal Model 131

      4.4.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 135

      4.4.3 Results and Discussion 136

4.5 Ericsson Heat Engine 139

      4.5.1 Thermal Model 141

      4.5.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 144

      4.5.3 Results and Discussion 145

4.6 Diesel Heat Engine 147

      4.6.1 Thermal Model 150

      4.6.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 153

      4.6.3 Results and Discussion 154

4.7 Radiative-Type Heat Engine 156

      4.7.1 Thermal Model 158

      4.7.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 161

      4.7.3 Results and Discussion 162

4.8 Stirling Heat Pump 164

      4.8.1 Thermal Model 167

      4.8.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 170

      4.8.3 Results and Discussion 171

4.9 Heat Pump Working on Reverse Brayton Cycle 174

      4.9.1 Thermal Model 176

      4.9.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 179

      4.9.3 Results and Discussion 180

4.10 Absorption Heat Pump 182

      4.10.1 Thermal Model 185

      4.10.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 188

      4.10.3 Results and Discussion 189

References 191

5 Thermal Design and Optimization of Refrigeration Systems 199

5.1 Carnot Refrigerator 200

      5.1.1 Thermal Model 203

      5.1.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 207

      5.1.3 Results and Discussion 208

5.2 Single-Effect Vapor Absorption Refrigerator 210

      5.2.1 Thermal Model 213

      5.2.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 216

      5.2.3 Results and Discussion 217

5.3 Multi-temperature Vapor Absorption Refrigerator 219

      5.3.1 Thermal Model 222

      5.3.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 226

      5.3.3 Results and Discussion 227

5.4 Cascade Refrigerator 229

      5.4.1 Thermal Model 233

      5.4.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 237

      5.4.3 Results and Discussion 239

5.5 Ejector Refrigerator 241

      5.5.1 Thermal Model 244

      5.5.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 249

      5.5.3 Results and Discussion 250

5.6 Thermo-Electric Refrigerator 252

      5.6.1 Thermal Model 254

      5.6.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 257

      5.6.3 Results and Discussion 258

5.7 Stirling Cryogenic Refrigerator 261

      5.7.1 Thermal Model 264

      5.7.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 267

      5.7.3 Results and Discussion 268

5.8 Ericsson Cryogenic Refrigerator 270

      5.8.1 Thermal Model 273

      5.8.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 277

      5.8.3 Results and Discussion 278

References 280

6 Thermal Design and Optimization of Power Cycles 287

6.1 Rankine Power Cycle 288

      6.1.1 Thermal Model 291

      6.1.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 294

      6.1.3 Results and Discussion 296

6.2 Brayton Power Cycle 299

      6.2.1 Thermal Model 301

      6.2.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 305

      6.2.3 Results and Discussion 306

6.3 Braysson Power Cycle 308

      6.3.1 Thermal Model 310

      6.3.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 313

      6.3.3 Results and Discussion 314

6.4 Kalina Power Cycle 316

      6.4.1 Thermal Model 319

      6.4.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 322

      6.4.3 Results and Discussion 323

6.5 Combined Brayton and Inverse Brayton Power Cycle 325

      6.5.1 Thermal Model 327

      6.5.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 329

      6.5.3 Results and Discussion 330

6.6 Atkinson Power Cycle Optimization 333

      6.6.1 Thermal Model 335

      6.6.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 337

      6.6.3 Results and Discussion 338

References 340

7 Thermal Design and Optimization of Few Miscellaneous Systems 345

7.1 Cooling Tower 345

      7.1.1 Thermal Model 348

      7.1.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 354

      7.1.3 Results and Discussion 355

7.2 Heat Pipe 357

      7.2.1 Thermal Model 360

      7.2.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 364

      7.2.3 Results and Discussion 365

7.3 Micro-channel Heat Sink 368

      7.3.1 Thermal Model 370

      7.3.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 374

      7.3.3 Results and Discussion 375

7.4 Solar Air Heater 378

      7.4.1 Thermal Model 380

      7.4.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 382

      7.4.3 Results and Discussion 383

7.5 Solar Water Heater 385

      7.5.1 Thermal Model 387

      7.5.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 390

      7.5.3 Results and Discussion 391

7.6 Solar Chimney Power Plant 394

      7.6.1 Thermal Model 396

      7.6.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 398

      7.6.3 Results and Discussion 398

7.7 Turbojet Engine 400

      7.7.1 Thermal Model 402

      7.7.2 Case Study, Objective Function Description, and Constraints 403

      7.7.3 Results and Discussion 404

References 407

MATLAB Code of Optimization Algorithms 415

Index 471

Vivek Patel is working as an assistant professor at P.D. Petroleum University, Gandhinagar, India. He has completed his Ph.D. in the filed of thermal system optimization from S.V. National Institute of Technology, Surat, India. His thesis titled, "Design Optimization of Thermal Systems Using Advanced Optimization Techniques". He has more than 13 years of academic experience. His research area includes thermal system design, advanced optimization techniques, solar thermal systems and energy management. PA\Vimal Savsani is working as an assistant professor at P.D. Petroleum University, Gandhinagar, India. He has completed his Ph.D. in the filed of mechanical design optimization from S.V. National Institute of Technology, Surat, India. His thesis titled, "Design Optimization of Mechanical Elements Using Advance Optimization Techniques ". He was a post-doctoral fellow at Thompson Rivers University, BC,Canada. He has also to his credit one book titled "Mechanical design optimization using advanced optimization techniques", published by Springer, London. He has more than 11 years of academic experience. His research area includes Advanced meta-heuristics, mechanical system desing and optimization, automobile suspension optimization, structure optimization and wind farm layout optimization. PA\Mohamed A. Tawhid received his PhD in Applied Mathematics from the University of Maryland Baltimore County, Maryland, USA. From 2000 to 2002, he was a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Faculty of Management, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Currently, he is a full professor at Thompson Rivers University. His recent research interests are best described as metaheuristic/ evolutionary computing/artificial intelligence algorithms and their applications in engineering and data science. He has served on editorial board several journals. He has also worked on several industrial projects in BC, Canada.

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