This book introduces a family of new methods for accurate and robust spectral testing and fills an information gap, as the requirements in standard test have grown increasingly challenging in recent high precision testing, especially as the device performance has continued to improve. Test engineers will be enabled to accurately set their devices & systems at much simpler test setup, much reduced complexity and much lower cost.

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Background on Spectral Testing 1

1.2 IEEE Standards and Conventional Spectral Testing 2

1.3 Conventional Spectral Testing Challenges 4

References 5

2 Algorithms for Accurate Spectral Analysis in the Presence of Arbitrary Non-coherency and Large Distortion 7

2.1 Introduction 7

2.2 Problem Statement 10

2.3 Algorithms for Resolving Non-coherency with Large Distortion 12

      2.3.1 Algorithm 1 13

      2.3.2 Algorithm 2 17

      2.3.3 Algorithm 3 19

      2.3.4 Algorithm Analysis 21

2.4 Simulation Results 24

      2.4.1 Functionality 24

      2.4.2 Robustness 26

2.5 Measurement Results 27

2.6 Conclusion 30

References 30

3 Accurate Spectral Testing with Arbitrary Non-coherency in Sampling and Simultaneous Drifts in Amplitude and Frequency 33

3.1 Introduction 33

3.2 Standard Test and Drift Issue 34

      3.2.1 Standard Test 34

      3.2.2 Challenges of Amplitude/Frequency Drift and Non-coherent Sampling 35

3.3 Proposed Algorithm 37

      3.3.1 Drift Segmentation 37

      3.3.2 Drift Modeling 38

      3.3.3 Signal Segmentation and Drift Estimation 40

      3.3.4 Error Analysis 42

      3.3.5 Segment Length Selection 46

3.4 Simulation Results 47

      3.4.1 Functionality 47

      3.4.2 Robustness: Segment Length 49

      3.4.3 Robustness: Number of Periods 50

      3.4.4 Robustness: Non-coherency 51

3.5 Measurement Results 52

3.6 Conclusion 55

References 55

4 High-Purity Sine Wave Generation Using Nonlinear DAC with Pre-distortion Based on Low-Cost Accurate DAC-ADC Co-testing 59

4.1 Introduction 59

4.2 Challenges of the Standard Test 62

4.3 Proposed Method 63

      4.3.1 ADC Nonlinearity Estimation 63

      4.3.2 DAC Nonlinearity Estimation 66

      4.3.3 Pre-distortion 67

4.4 Simulation Results 69

      4.4.1 Functionality 69

      4.4.2 Robustness 71

4.5 Measurement Results 72

4.6 Conclusion 76

References 77

5 Low-Cost Ultrapure Sine Wave Generation with Self-Calibration 79

5.1 Introduction 79

5.2 Proposed Method 81

      5.2.1 Signal Derivation 81

      5.2.2 Fundamental Amplitude Match 83

      5.2.3 Fundamental Phase Match 84

      5.2.4 Non-coherent Fundamental Identification 85

      5.2.5 DAC Nonlinearity Estimation 86

      5.2.6 Cal DAC Calibration 87

      5.2.7 Ultrapure Signal Capturing 88

      5.2.8 Iterations and Convergence 88

5.3 Simulation Results 90

5.4 Measurement Results 92

5.5 Conclusion 95

References 96

6 Accurate Spectral Testing with Non-coherent Sampling for Multi-tone Test 97

6.1 Introduction 97

6.2 Non-coherent Sampling for Multi-tone Test 99

6.3 Proposed Method 100

      6.3.1 Fundamentals Initial Estimation 100

      6.3.2 More Accurate Estimation of the Fundamentals 102

      6.3.3 Coherent Spectrum Construction 103

6.4 Simulation Results 104

      6.4.1 Functionality 105

      6.4.2 Robustness 106

6.5 Measurement Results 108

6.6 Conclusion 110

References 110

7 Accurate Spectral Testing with Impure Test Stimulus for Multi-tone Test 113

7.1 Introduction 113

7.2 Impure Test Stimulus for Multi-tone Test 115

7.3 Proposed Method 116

      7.3.1 Impure Stimulus 117

      7.3.2 Two Filters 117

      7.3.3 Proposed Method 119

      7.3.4 Discussion 120

7.4 Simulation Results 121

      7.4.1 Functionality 121

      7.4.2 Robustness 124

7.5 Conclusion 124

References 125

8 Multi-tone Sine Wave Generation Achieving the Theoretical Minimum of Peak-To-Average Power Ratio 127

8.1 Introduction 127

8.2 Multi-tone Sine Waves and PAPR 129

8.3 Proposed Strategy 132

      8.3.1 2z Multi-tones 132

      8.3.2 Low-Order Multi-tones 139

      8.3.3 Discussion 140

8.4 Simulation Results 142

8.5 Conclusion 146

References 146

9 Accurate Linearity Testing Using Low-Purity Stimulus Robust against Flicker Noise 149

9.1 Introduction 149

9.2 Flicker Noise Effect on SEIR 150

9.3 Proposed Methods 152

      9.3.1 Method 1 152

      9.3.2 Method 2 153

      9.3.3 Discussion 159

9.4 Simulation Results 160

      9.4.1 Comparison with CSI 160

      9.4.2 Simulation Using Sinusoidal 162

9.5 Conclusion 165

References 166

10 Summary 169

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