The provisions of this code shall apply to the erection, installation, alteration, repairs, relocation,replacement, addition to, use or maintenance of plumbing systems within this jurisdiction. This code shall regulate nonflammable medical gas, inhalation anesthetic, vacuum piping, nonmedical oxygen systems and sanitary and condensate vacuum collection systems. The installation of fuel gas distribution piping and equipment, fuel-gas-fired water heaters and water heater venting systems shall be regulated by the International Fuel Gas Code. Provisions in the appendices shall not apply unless specifically adopted.
Exception: Detached one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses not more than three stories above grade plane in height with a separate means of egress, and their accessory structures not more than three stories above grade plane in height, shall comply with this code or the International Residential Code.

Introduction
The International Plumbing Code^® (IPC^®) establishes minimum requirements for plumbing systems using prescriptive and performance-related provisions. It is founded on broad-based principles that make possible the use of new materials and new plumbing designs. This 2021 edition is fully compatible with all of the International Codes^® (l-Codes^®) published by the International Code Council^® (ICC^®), including the International Building Code^®, International Energy Conservation Code^®, International Existing Building Code^®, International Fire Code^®, International Fuel Gas Code^®, International Green Construction Code^®, International Mechanical Code^®, International Private Sewage Disposal Code^®, International Property Maintenance Code^®, International Residential Code^®, International Swimming Pool and Spa Code^®, International Wildland-Urban Interface Code^®, International Zoning Code^® and International Code Council Performance Code^®.
The l-Codes, including this International Plumbing Code, are used in a variety of ways in both the public and private sectors. Most industry professionals are familiar with the I-Codes as the basis of laws and regulations in communities across the US and in other countries. However, the impact of the codes extends well beyond the regulatory arena, as they are used in a variety of nonregulatory settings, including:
• Voluntary compliance programs such as those promoting sustainability, energy efficiency and disaster resistance.
• The insurance industry, to estimate and manage risk, and as a tool in underwriting and rate decisions.
• Certification and credentialing of individuals involved in the fields of building design, construction and safety.
• Certification of building and construction-related products.
• US federal agencies, to guide construction in an array of government-owned properties.
• Facilities management.
• "Best practices" benchmarks for designers and builders, including those who are engaged in projects in jurisdictions that do not have a formal regulatory system or a governmental enforcement mechanism.
• College, university and professional school textbooks and curricula.
• Reference works related to building design and construction.
In addition to the codes themselves, the code development process brings together building professionals on a regular basis. It provides an international forum for discussion and deliberation about building design, construction methods, safety, performance requirements, technological advances and innovative products.
Development
This 2021 edition presents the code as originally issued, with changes reflected in the 2003 through 2018 editions and with further changes approved by the ICC Code Development Process through 2019. A new edition such as this is promulgated every 3 years.
This code is founded on principles intended to establish provisions consistent with the scope of a plumbing code that adequately protects public health, safety and welfare; provisions that do not unnecessarily increase construction costs; provisions that do not restrict the use of new materials, products or methods of construction; and provisions that do not give preferential treatment to particular types or classes of materials, products or methods of construction.
Maintenance
The International Plumbing Code is kept up to date through the review of proposed changes submitted by code enforcement officials, industry representatives, design professionals and other interested parties. Proposed changes are carefully considered through an open code development process in which all interested and affected parties may participate.
The ICC Code Development Process reflects principles of openness, transparency, balance, due process and consensus, the principles embodied in OMB Circular A-119, which governs the federal government's use of private-sector standards. The ICC process is open to anyone; there is no cost to participate, and people can participate without travel cost through the ICC's cloud-based app, cdpAc-??cess^®. A broad cross-section of interests are represented in the ICC Code Development Process. The codes, which are updated regularly, include safeguards that allow for emergency action when required for health and safety reasons.
In order to ensure that organizations with a direct and material interest in the codes have a voice in the process, the ICC has developed partnerships with key industry segments that support the ICC's important public safety mission. Some code development committee members were nominated by the following industry partners and approved by the ICC Board:
• American Institute of Architects (AIA)
• American Society of Plumbing Engineers (ASPE)
• National Association of Home Builders (NAHB)
• Plumbing Heating and Cooling Contractors (PHCC)
The code development committees evaluate and make recommendations regarding proposed changes to the codes. Their recommendations are then subject to public comment and council-wide votes. The ICC's governmental members—public safety officials who have no financial or business interest in the outcome—cast the final votes on proposed changes.
The contents of this work are subject to change through the code development cycles and by any governmental entity that enacts the code into law. For more information regarding the code development process, contact the Codes and Standards Development Department of the International Code Council.
While the l-Code development procedure is thorough and comprehensive, the ICC, its members and those participating in the development of the codes disclaim any liability resulting from the publication or use of the l-Codes, or from compliance or noncompliance with their provisions. The ICC does not have the power or authority to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this code.
Code Development Committee Responsibilities (Letter Designations in Front of Section Numbers)
In each code development cycle, proposed changes to the code are considered at the Committee Action Hearings by the International Plumbing Code Development Committee, whose action constitutes a recommendation to the voting membership for final action on the proposed change. Proposed changes to a code section that has a number beginning with a letter in brackets are considered by a different code development committee. For example, proposed changes to code sections that have [BS] in front of them (e.g., [BS] 309.2) are considered by the IBC—Structural Code Development Committee at the code development hearings.
The bracketed letter designations for committees responsible for portions of this code are as follows:
[A] = Administrative Code Development Committee
[BE] = IBC—Egress Code Development Committee
[BG] = IBC—General Code Development Committee
[BS] = IBC—Structural Code Development Committee
[E] = International Energy Conservation Code Development Committee
[F] = International Fire Code Development Committee
[M] = International Mechanical Code Development Committee
For the development of the 2024 edition of the l-Codes, there will be two groups of code development committees and they will meet in separate years, as shown in the following Code Development Hearings Table).
Code change proposals submitted for code sections that have a letter designation in front of them will be heard by the respective committee responsible for such code sections. Because different committees hold Committee Action Hearings in different years, proposals for the IPC will be heard by committees in both the 2021 (Group A) and the 2022 (Group B) code development cycles.
For example, every section of Chapter 1 of this code is designated as the responsibility of the Administrative Code Development Committee, which is part of the Group B portion of the hearings. This committee will hold its Committee Action Hearings in 2022 to consider code change proposals for Chapter 1 of all l-Codes except the International Energy Conservation Code, International Residential Code and International Green Construction Code. Therefore, any proposals received for Chapter 1 of this code will be assigned to the Administrative Code Development Committee for consideration in 2022.
It is very important that anyone submitting code change proposals understands which code development committee is responsible for the section of the code that is the subject of the code change proposal. For further information on the Code Development Committee responsibilities, please visit the ICC website at https://www.iccsafe.org/products-and-services/i-codes/code-development/cur-??rent-code-development-cycle.
CODE DEVELOPMENT HEARINGS
Group A Codes (Heard in 2021, Code Change Proposals Deadline: January 11, 2021)
Group B Codes (Heard in 2022, Code Change Proposals Deadline: January 10,2022)
International Building Code - Egress (Chapters 10,11, Appendix E) - Fire Safety (Chapters 7, 8, 9,14, 26) - General (Chapters 2-6, 12, 27-33, Appendices A, B, C, D, K, N)
Administrative Provisions (Chapter 1 of all codes except IECC, IRC and IgCC, administrative updates to currently referenced standards, and designated definitions)
International Fire Code
International Building Code -Structural (Chapters 15-25, Appendices F, G, H, I, J, L, M)
International Fuel Gas Code
International Existing Building Code
International Mechanical Code
International Energy Conservation Code—Commercial
International Plumbing Code
International Energy Conservation Code-??Residential - IECC—Residential -IRC-Energy (Chapter 11)
International Property Maintenance Code
International Green Construction Code (Chapter 1)
International Private Sewage Disposal Code
International Residential Code - IRC—Building (Chapters 1-10, Appendices E, F, H, J, K, L, M, 0, Q, R, S, T)
International Residential Code - IRC—Mechanical (Chapters 12-23) - IRC—Plumbing (Chapters 25-33, Appendices G, I, N, P)
International Swimming Pool and Spa Code
International Wildland-Urban Interface Code
International Zoning Code
Note: Proposed changes to the ICC Performance Code™ will be heard by the code development committee noted in brackets [ ] in the text of the ICC Performance Code™.
Marginal Markings
Solid vertical lines in the margins within the body of the code indicate a technical change from the requirements of the 2018 edition. Deletion indicators in the form of an arrow (➡) are provided in the margin where an entire section, paragraph, exception or table has been deleted or an item in a list of items or a table has been deleted.
A single asterisk [*] placed in the margin indicates that text or a table has been relocated within the code. A double asterisk [**] placed in the margin indicates that the text or table immediately following it has been relocated there from elsewhere in the code. The following table indicates such relocations in the 2021 edition of the International Plumbing Code.
RELOCATIONS
2021 LOCATION
2018 LOCATION
104.8
103.4
104.8.1
103.4.1
107
110
108
107
109
106.6 and 106.6.1
110
106.3.1 and 106.5.6
111
107.5 and 107.5.1
112
107.6 and 107.7
114.2
109.1
115
108
F101.3
109.2
F101.3.1
109.2.1
F101.3.2
109.2.2
F101.3.4
109.2.3
F101.3.5
109.2.5
F101.3.6
109.2.4
F101.3.7
109.2.6
F101.4
109.4.1
F101.5
109.3
F101.5.1
109.4
F101.5.3
109.5
F101.7
109.6
F101.7.1
109.6.1
F101.7.2
109.6.2
F101.8
109.7
Coordination of the International Codes
The coordination of technical provisions is one of the strengths of the ICC family of model codes. The codes can be used as a complete set of complementary documents, which will provide users with full integration and coordination of technical provisions. Individual codes can also be used in subsets or as stand-alone documents. To make sure that each individual code is as complete as possible, some technical provisions that are relevant to more than one subject area are duplicated in some of the model codes. This allows users maximum flexibility in their application of the l-Codes.
Italicized Terms
Words and terms defined in Chapter 2, Definitions, are italicized where they appear in code text and the Chapter 2 definition applies. Where such words and terms are not italicized, common-use definitions apply. The words and terms selected have code-specific definitions that the user should read carefully to facilitate better understanding of the code.
Adoption
The International Code Council maintains a copyright in all of its codes and standards. Maintaining copyright allows the ICC to fund its mission through sales of books, in both print and electronic formats. The ICC welcomes adoption of its codes by jurisdictions that recognize and acknowledge the ICC's copyright in the code, and further acknowledge the substantial shared value of the public/private partnership for code development between jurisdictions and the ICC.
The ICC also recognizes the need for jurisdictions to make laws available to the public. All l-Codes and l-Standards, along with the laws of many jurisdictions, are available for free in a nondownloadable form on the ICC's website. Jurisdictions should contact the ICC at adoptions@iccsafe.org to learn how to adopt and distribute laws based on the International Plumbing Code in a manner that provides necessary access, while maintaining the ICC's copyright.
To facilitate adoption, several sections of this code contain blanks for fill-in information that needs to be supplied by the adopting jurisdiction as part of the adoption legislation. For this code, please see:
Section 101.1. Insert: [name of jurisdiction]
Section 103.1. Insert: [name of department]
Section 115.4. Insert: [offense, dollar amount, number of days]
Section 305.4.1. Insert: [number of inches in two locations]
Section 903.1.1. Insert: [number of inches]
Effective use of the International Plumbing Code
The International Plumbing Code (IPC) is a model code that regulates the design and installation of plumbing systems including the plumbing fixtures in all types of buildings except for detached one-??and two-family dwellings and townhouses that are not more than three stories above grade in height. The regulations for plumbing systems in one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses are covered by Chapters 25 through 33 of the International Residential Code (IRC). The IPC addresses general plumbing regulations, fixture requirements, water heater installations and systems for water distribution, sanitary drainage, special wastes, venting, storm drainage and medical gases. The IPC does not address fuel gas piping systems as those systems are covered by the International Fuel Gas Code (IFGC). The IPC also does not regulate swimming pool piping systems, process piping systems, or utility-owned piping and systems. The purpose of the IPC is to the establish the minimum acceptable level of safety to protect life and property from the potential dangers associated with supplying potable water to plumbing fixtures and outlets and the conveyance of bacteria-laden wastewater from fixtures.
The IPC is primarily a specification-oriented (prescriptive) code with some performance-oriented text. For example, Section 405.1 is a performance statement but Chapter 6 contains the prescriptive requirements that will cause Section 405.1 to be satisfied.
Where a building contains plumbing fixtures, those fixtures requiring water must be provided with an adequate supply of water for proper operation. The number of required plumbing fixtures for a building is specified by this code and is based upon the anticipated maximum number of occupants for the building and the type of building occupancy. This code provides prescriptive criteria for sizing piping systems connected to those fixtures. Through the use of code-approved materials and the installation requirements specified in this code, plumbing systems will perform their intended function over the life of the building. In summary, the IPC sets forth the minimum requirements for providing safe water to a building as well as a safe manner in which liquidborne wastes are carried away from a building.

CHAPTER 1 SCOPE AND ADMINISTRATION 1-1

PART 1—SCOPE AND APPLICATION 1-1

      Section

      101 General 1-1

      102 Applicability 1-1

PART 2—ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT 1-2

      Section

      103 Code Compliance Agency 1-2

      104 Duties and Powers of the Code Official 1-2

      105 Approval 1-3

      106 Permits 1-3

      107 Temporary Equipment, Systems and Uses 1-5

      108 Inspections and Testing 1-5

      109 Fees 1-6

      110 Construction Documents 1-6

      111 Notice of Approval 1-7

      112 Service Utilities 1-7

      113 Stop Work Order 1-7

      114 Means of Appeals 1-7

      115 Violations 1-8

CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS 2-1

Section

201 General 2-1

202 General Definitions 2-1

CHAPTER 3 GENERAL REGULATIONS 3-1

Section

301 General 3-1

302 Exclusion of Materials Detrimental to the Sewer System 3-1

303 Materials 3-1

304 Rodentproofing 3-2

305 Protection of Pipes and Plumbing System Components 3-2

306 Trenching, Excavation and Backfill 3-2

307 Structural Safety 3-3

308 Piping Support 3-3

309 Flood Hazard Resistance 3-4

310 Washroom and Toilet Room Requirements 3-5

311 Toilet Facilities for Workers 3-5

312 Tests and Inspections 3-5

313 Equipment Efficiencies 3-6

314 Condensate Disposal 3-6

315 Penetrations 3-7

316 Alternative Engineered Design 3-7

CHAPTER 4 FIXTURES, FAUCETS AND FIXTURE FITTINGS 4-1

Section

401 General 4-1

402 Fixture Materials 4-1

403 Minimum Plumbing Facilities 4-1

404 Accessible Plumbing Facilities 4-5

405 Installation of Fixtures 4-5

406 Automatic Clothes Washers 4-7

407 Bathtubs 4-7

408 Bidets 4-7

409 Dishwashing Machines 4-7

410 Drinking Fountains 4-7

411 Emergency Showers and Eyewash Stations 4-8

412 Faucets and Fixture Fittings 4-8

413 Floor and Trench Drains 4-9

414 Floor Sinks 4-9

415 Flushing Devices for Water Closets and Urinals 4-9

416 Food Waste Disposer Units 4-10

417 Garbage Can Washers 4-10

418 Laundry Trays 4-10

419 Lavatories 4-10

420 Manual Food and Beverage Dispensing Equipment 4-10

421 Showers 4-10

422 Sinks 4-12

423 Specialty Plumbing Fixtures 4-12

424 Urinals 4-12

425 Water Closets 4-12

426 Whirlpool Bathtubs 4-12

CHAPTER 5 WATER HEATERS 5-1

Section

501 General 5-1

502 Installation 5-1

503 Connections 5-2

504 Safety Devices 5-2

505 Insulation 5-3

CHAPTER 6 WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION 6-1

Section

601 General 6-1

602 Water Required 6-1

603 Water Service 6-2

604 Design of Building Water Distribution System 6-2

605 Materials, Joints and Connections 6-4

606 Installation of the Building Water Distribution System 6-9

607 Hot Water Supply System 6-10

608 Protection of Potable Water Supply 6-11

609 Health Care Plumbing 6-17

610 Disinfection of Potable Water System 6-18

611 Drinking Water Treatment Units 6-18

612 Solar Systems 6-18

613 Temperature Control Devices and Valves 6-18

CHAPTER 7 SANITARY DRAINAGE 7-1

Section

701 General 7-1

702 Materials 7-1

703 Building Sewer 7-3

704 Drainage Piping Installation 7-3

705 Joints 7-4

706 Connections Between Drainage Piping and Fittings 7-6

707 Prohibited Joints and Connections 7-7

708 Cleanouts 7-7

709 Fixture Units 7-8

710 Drainage System Sizing 7-10

711 Offsets in Drainage Piping in Buildings of Five Stories or More 7-10

712 Sumps and Ejectors 7-11

713 Computerized Drainage Design 7-12

714 Backwater Valves 7-12

715 Vacuum Drainage Systems 7-12

716 Replacement of Underground Building Sewers and Building Drains by Pipe-Bursting Methods 7-12

717 Relining Building Sewers and Building Drains 7-13

718 Rehabilitation of Building Sewers and Building Drains 7-13

CHAPTER 8 INDIRECT/SPECIAL WASTE 8-1

Section

801 General 8-1

802 Indirect Wastes 8-1

803 Special Wastes 8-2

CHAPTER 9 VENTS 9-1

Section

901 General 9-1

902 Materials 9-1

903 Vent Terminals 9-1

904 Outdoor Vent Extensions 9-2

905 Vent Connections and Grades 9-2

906 Vent Pipe Sizing 9-2

907 Vents for Stack Offsets 9-4

908 Relief Vents—Stacks of More Than 10 Branch Intervals 9-4

909 Fixture Vents 9-5

910 Individual Vent 9-5

911 Common Vent 9-5

912 Wet Venting 9-5

913 Waste Stack Vent 9-6

914 Circuit Venting 9-6

915 Combination Waste and Vent System 9-7

916 Island Fixture Venting 9-7

917 Single-Stack Vent System 9-7

918 Air Admittance Valves 9-8

919 Engineered Vent Systems 9-9

920 Computerized Vent Design 9-9

CHAPTER 10 TRAPS, INTERCEPTORS AND SEPARATORS 10-1

Section

1001 General 10-1

1002 Trap Requirements 10-1

1003 Interceptors and Separators 10-2

1004 Materials, Joints and Connections 10-4

CHAPTER 11 STORM DRAINAGE 11-1

Section

1101 General 11-1

1102 Materials 11-1

1103 Traps 11-2

1104 Conductors and Connections 11-2

1105 Roof Drains 11-2

1106 Size of Conductors, Leaders and Storm Drains 11-3

1107 Siphonic Roof Drainage Systems 11-9

1108 Secondary (Emergency) Roof Drains 11-9

1109 Combined Sanitary and Storm Public Sewer 11-9

1110 Controlled Flow Roof Drain Systems 11-9

1111 Subsoil Drains 11-10

1112 Building Subdrains 11-10

1113 Sumps and Pumping Systems 11-10

CHAPTER 12 SPECIAL PIPING AND STORAGE SYSTEMS 12-1

Section

1201 General 12-1

1202 Medical Gases 12-1

1203 Oxygen Systems 12-1

CHAPTER 13 NONPOTABLE WATER SYSTEMS 13-1

Section

1301 General 13-1

1302 On-site Nonpotable Water Reuse Systems 13-3

1303 Nonpotable Rainwater Collection and Distribution Systems 13-5

1304 Reclaimed Water Systems 13-7

CHAPTER 14 SUBSURFACE GRAYWATER SOIL ABSORPTION SYSTEMS 14-1

Section

1401 General 14-1

1402 System Design and Sizing 14-1

1403 Installation 14-2

CHAPTER 15 REFERENCED STANDARDS 15-1

APPENDIX A PLUMBING PERMIT FEE SCHEDULE A-1

Permit Issuance A-1

Unit Fee Schedule A-1

Other Inspections and Fees A-1

APPENDIX B RATES OF RAINFALL FOR VARIOUS CITIES B-1

APPENDIX C STRUCTURAL SAFETY C-1

Section

C101 Cutting, Notching and Boring in Wood Members C-1

APPENDIX D DEGREE DAY AND DESIGN TEMPERATURES D-1

APPENDIX E SIZING OF WATER PIPING SYSTEM E-1

Section

E101 General E-1

E102 Information Required E-1

E103 Selection of Pipe Size E-1

E104 Selection of Pipe Size E-19

E105 Determination of Pipe Volumes E-19

APPENDIX F BOARD OF APPEALS F-1

Section

F101 General F-1

INDEX INDEX-1

RESOURCE A PLUMBING PROVISIONS EXCERPTED FROM: ICC A117.1—2017 STANDARD FOR ACCESSIBLE AND USABLE BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES

CHAPTER 1 APPLICATION AND ADMINISTRATION RESOURCE A-1

101 Title RESOURCE A-1

102 Purpose RESOURCE A-1

103 Human Factor Provisions RESOURCE A-1

104 Compliance Alternatives RESOURCE A-1

105 Conventions RESOURCE A-1

106 Referenced Documents RESOURCE A-1

107 Definitions RESOURCE A-3

CHAPTER 3 BUILDING BLOCKS RESOURCE A-7

301 General RESOURCE A-7

302 Floor Surfaces RESOURCE A-7

303 Changes in Level RESOURCE A-7

304 Turning Space RESOURCE A-8

305 Clear Floor Space RESOURCE A-10

306 Knee and Toe Clearance RESOURCE A-11

307 Protruding Objects RESOURCE A-13

308 Reach Ranges RESOURCE A-14

309 Operable Parts RESOURCE A-15

CHAPTER 6 PLUMBING ELEMENTS AND FACILITIES RESOURCE A-17

601 General RESOURCE A-17

602 Drinking Fountains and Bottle Filling Stations RESOURCE A-17

603 Toilet and Bathing Rooms RESOURCE A-18

604 Water Closets and Toilet Compartments RESOURCE A-19

605 Urinals RESOURCE A-28

606 Lavatories and Sinks RESOURCE A-29

607 Bathtubs RESOURCE A-30

608 Shower Compartments RESOURCE A-32

609 Grab Bars RESOURCE A-37

610 Seats RESOURCE A-39

611 Washing Machines and Clothes Dryers RESOURCE A-40

612 Saunas and Steam Rooms RESOURCE A-42

CHAPTER 8 SPECIAL ROOMS AND SPACES RESOURCE A-43

801 General RESOURCE A-43

804 Kitchens RESOURCE A-43

CHAPTER 11 DWELLING UNITS AND SLEEPING UNITS RESOURCE A-47

1101 General RESOURCE A-47

1102 Accessible Units RESOURCE A-47

1103 Type A Units RESOURCE A-48

1104 Type B Units RESOURCE A-54

1105 Type C (Visitable) Units RESOURCE A-63

1106 Units with Communication Features RESOURCE A-64

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