书名：Toluene
责任者：Pooja Jain | Neetu Singh
摘要
Toluene is used in the manufacture of benzene, p-xylene for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resins, and toluene diisocyanates (TDI) for polyurethane applications, and is widely used as a solvent. The majority of toluene production is unrecovered (i.e., not isolated from other aromatic constituents) and is consumed as a constituent of various refinery streams, primarily in gasoline. Additional quantities of isolated toluene are blended into unleaded gasoline for octane enhancement. This report focuses on toluene that is recovered for subsequent processing in chemical operations.
Nearly half of all toluene consumed was for the production of on-purpose benzene, mixed xylenes, and pxylene in 2021. This market has increased steadily in the last five years, leading to adjustments in operating rates for hydrodealkylation/toluene disproportionation (HDA/TDP) units. Strong demand for benzene and pxylene derivatives led to increased operation of HDA/TDP units before the economic downturn in 2008. Then, a surge of new p-xylene capacity in Asia, India, and the Middle East also put pressure on toluene disproportionation units, so toluene demand from TDP and selective toluene disproportionation (STDP) has declined, while consumption in transalkylation units has increased.
Over the next five years, good demand from the polyester sector will result in higher volumes of toluene being converted into mixed xylenes and p-xylene. Direct conversion of toluene into benzene via the hydrodealkylation process will continue to decline. Total consumption of toluene for benzene/xylenes is forecast to increase steadily over the next five years, following the start-up of facilities in Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, and India.
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目录
Executive summary 6
Summary 8
Producing companies 9
Production 10
Consumption 11
Price 13
Trade 15
Introduction 17
Grades of toluene 17
Transportation and storage 18
Sources 19
Petroleum-derived toluene 19
- Catalytic reformate 19
- Pyrolysis gasoline 20
-Other 20
Coal-derived toluene 20
By-product of styrene manufacture 20
Environmental issues 22
Supply and demand by region 25
World 25
-Capacity 25
-Salient statistics 26
-Production 26
- Reformate processes 28
- Pygas processes 28
- Styrene processes 28
- Coke/coal processes 28
-Consumption 29
-Trade 30
North America 31
- Overview 31
-Capacity 31
-Salient statistics 32
-Consumption 33
-Trade 35
- United States 35
- Producing companies 35
-Salient statistics 36
-Consumption 38
- Motor and aviation gasoline uses 38
- Chemical and solvent uses 40
-Trade 47
-Canada 47
- Producing companies 47
-Salient statistics 47
-Consumption 48
-Trade 49
- Mexico 49
- Producing companies 49
-Salient statistics 50
-Consumption 51
-Trade 52
South America 52
- Producing companies 52
-Salient statistics 54
-Consumption 55
-Trade 56
Western Europe 56
- Producing companies 56
-Salient statistics 57
-Consumption 59
-Trade 60
Central Europe 60
- Producing companies 61
-Salient statistics 62
-Consumption 63
-Trade 64
CIS and Baltic States 65
- Producing companies 65
-Salient statistics 66
-Consumption 68
-Trade 69
Middle East 70
- Producing companies 70
-Salient statistics 72
-Consumption 73
-Trade 75
Africa 75
- Producing companies 75
-Salient statistics 76
-Consumption 78
-Trade 79
Indian Subcontinent 79
- Producing companies 79
-Salient statistics 80
-Consumption 82
-Trade 83
Northeast Asia 83
- Overview 83
-Capacity 83
-Salient statistics 84
-Consumption 86
-Trade 87
- Mainland China 87
- Producing companies 87
-Salient statistics 92
-Consumption 94
-Trade 95
-Japan 95
- Producing companies 95
-Salient statistics 96
-Consumption 98
-Trade 99
-South Korea 99
- Producing companies 99
-Salient statistics 100
-Consumption 102
-Trade 103
-Taiwan 103
- Producing companies 103
-Salient statistics 104
-Consumption 105
-Trade 106
Southeast Asia 107
- Producing companies 107
-Salient statistics 109
-Consumption 110
-Trade 112
Additional resources 113
Revisions 115
Data Workbook 116
Notice 117
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