In our time in which ecological issues, the necessity to cover the energy needed in industries and households, and the new managerial concepts to be implemented remain at the forefront of Operational Research (OR), Energy and especially Renewable Energy has become an all-important field of study today. This is all the more true with Agriculture, which produces and consumes energy in so multiple ways, and more and more fosters our natural environments. Furthermore, while Smart Technologies continue to emerge and at the same time becoming refined, their applications widen and grow in their possible or promised impacts of triggering regime switching or paradigm shifting, even revolutionize sights and whole projects on energy production, energy consumption and sustainability. This potential and promise can only be realized fully with a thorough understanding of newest breakthroughs in the areas of Energy Optimization for Business and Industry in and of themselves as well as in their rapidly growing methodologies from mathematics and statistics, analytics and machine learning, probability theory and stochastics, OR and AI (Artificial Intelligence). With the present book, the Editors and Chapter Authors even went one step further than Energy Optimization for Business and Industry, namely by Human Agro-Energy Optimization.
The objective of this special Book is to explore latest developments of mathematical ideas and techniques in modeling and simulation, related with (i) Modeling Agro-Energy and its links with Business and Industry, including their foundations in physics, mathematics, statistics, and related elements of optimization, optimal control and game theory, (ii) Simulation of the models from agenda or program step (i), including simulation foundations in probability theory and stochastics, stochastic calculus and stochastic dynamics, numerical, computational and discrete mathematics and algorithms, graph and network theory, and (iii) Optimization of the models and simulation results received in the agenda or program steps (i) and (ii). They all can be applied in economics, finance and biology, as it becomes illustrated in this book which focuses its attention on modern and future Agro-energy and its utilization in emerging Businesses and Industries. Chapters on recently evolving topics of agriculture, business and industry have been welcomed especially. The editor of the book invited experts and researchers, practitioners and educators from all around the globe to prepare and submit high-quality innovative research chapters and critical review papers on a variety of subjects.
In recent decades, the analytical-algebraical and statistical-stochastic toolbox, the methods, instruments and programs of computer science and informatics, of agriculture and landscape architecture, of applied mathematics and statistics, of rising OR and MS (management science), of analytics and AI have attracted the attention of many scientists and engineers, users and consumers worldwide, causing a strong impact on and influx in the information sciences, natural sciences, high-tech and development, economics and finance and, in recent times, the health and security sectors, e.g., in storage, handling and transfer of data and energy, services and of goods, such as from agriculture, in traffic and production and transport, logistics and supply chains, inventory and waste management, etc. Key technologies based on Big Data, on Health- and Safety-awareness are known more and more, and used in study fields of science and engineering, design and technology, of ergonomics and medicine, marketing and trade. Modern trends in applied research challenges of those fields are also extended into the realms of economy and finance and not least into food industry and lifestyle sectors, hospitality and tourism, travel as well as urban and rural management, into healthcare and hygiene, education and continued education, worldwide.
This edited compendious is established and focuses on attractive, interesting and carefully selected chapters in a broad diversity of research topics. Well-known and emerging methodologies of modeling and simulation, optimization and optimal control are used to approach and solve some of the very complex, difficult and striking problems connected with the considered scope of investigations.
The authors of accepted contributed or invited chapters of this edited compendium are experienced and qualified scientists from universities or research institutes and experts from the applications, coming from all over the world. They designed, refined and used the deep model-based methods of mathematics and the less model-based, also so-called intelligent or smart algorithms and codes, and combined them with their handy, practical counterparts from in the engineering, computer science and informatics. The latter ones are often referred to as heuristics or model-free. In fact, they are regarded as less rigorous, freed from rigor of formal mathematics, to benefit from nature- and specifically bio-inspired approaches, to overcome and approximately solve hard problems in efficient ways. The rise of those algorithms from AI happened simultaneously to the powerful progress in model-based mathematics. In the last decades, some of the methodologies were called Statistical, Machine or Deep Learning, Theory of Inverse Problems, Meta- and Matheuristics, Analytics, AI, and OR. All these and further model-free or model-based streams, traditions and philosophies are brought together to exchange and collaborate in all over the world, to leave behind misunderstandings and misperceptions between these two academic streamlines, to benefit from their joined forces and synergy effects, to jointly prepare scientific progress and give a common contribution to the solution of urgent real-life problems. These big problems occur in any field of the modern world and academics, not least in business and industry, in the environment and the energy sector, in agriculture and landscape architecture, in life- or human sciences, in neuroscience and medicine, and for the overcoming of conflicts and antagonisms, in developing and improving of living conditions, in ensuring fairness and providing of chances for the following generations. Here the fields of human-aided intelligent computing, human resource management, aggregate production planning and logistics, inventory, supply chain and waste management, pension fund systems, actuarial sciences and disaster relief deserve an extra mentioning.
In our modern world, many problems lead to mathematical descriptions and solutions, and even complex problems are approximated by mathematical and heuristic formulations. Modern optimization, optimal control and game theory, be they deterministic or stochastic, continuous, discrete or hybrid, constitute a mathematical framework to address issues with conflicting or cooperating parties, with trade-offs and negotiations, herewith having an important part in various decision-oriented real-life challenges. Some of the purposes of this remarkable book have been to explore and represent latest developments of model-based and model-free ansatzes, concepts and techniques in modeling, simulation, and optimization. This all requires novel and intelligent ideas which provide fresh insights into emerging challenges in our world, and strategies for solving as many as possible of them.
This compendium, Human Agro-Energy Optimization for Business and Industry, is an international collection and selection of innovative research that explores the recent steps forward on the ways of smart applications in sustainable modern and future businesses and industries, economies and societies. While it covers a wide scope of subjects, including energy assessment and control, uncertainty modeling and fuzzy logic or other approaches, biogeography and ecology, this work is designed and well-suited for academicians and investigators, developer and students, ecomomists and businessmen, industryleaders and policy-makers, engineers and educators, implementers and multipliers, multipliers and artists related with the subject fields. This compendium provides a "golden opportunity " to the worldwide community to familiarize and deepen, interact and discuss, distribute and share their newest and best theoretical findings, methodological developments, and applied creations and inventions, discoveries and results with their colleagues and students, friends and the public.
In all of these points, modern Optimization and Optimal Control, Statistics and Data Science, Statistical and Machine Learning, Probability Theory and Stochastics, AI, and OR play together as key technologies of modeling, model regularization and selection, of pre- and post-processing, of simulation, validation and testing, of guiding, supplying and refreshing, of continuous interest, respecting and encouraging.
Having been kindly invited by the Editor Prof. Dr. Pandian Vasant (MERLIN Research Centre, Ton Due Thang University, Vietnam), we foreword authors express our gratitude to him and our hope that the selected topics and chapters of this book will also in the readers' eyes represent a core choice of today's international scientific research which copes with the emerging and complex problems of Human Agro-Energy Optimization for Business and Industry. We are very thankful to the house of IGI Global publishing house and its decision makers for hosting this precious compendium as a pioneering scientific agenda. We extend particular thanks to the book's editor for his dedication, interest, confidence, and support which he spent on this work from the beginning for anyone related, and to the valuable and kind leadership, management, and staff of IGI Global publishing house. We thank all the chapter authors for their diligent, intelligent, and tasteful work and their agreement to share their state-of-the-art works with our whole community, and the dedicated anonymous referees. Eventually, we wish that the authors' research will inspire and initiate collaboration and joined forces at highest stages for the sake of humanity and entire creation.

Foreword xvii

Preface xxi

Acknowledgment xxvii

Chapter 1 Design and Simulation of a Floating Solar Power Plant for Goreagab Dam, Namibia 1

Matheus Nadhipite Matheus, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Namibia K. S. Sastry Musti, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Namibia

Chapter 2 Experimental Study on a Reliable Smart Hydroponics System 27

Varuna Kumara, Moodlakatte Institute of Technology, India T. A. Mohanaprakash, Panimalar Engineering College, India Shaik Fairooz, Malla Reddy Engineering College, India K. Jamal, GRIET, India T. Babu, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, India Sampath B., Mythayammal Engineering College, India

Chapter 3 A Study on the Conversion of Ligninolytic Biomass to Biofuels 46

Lakshmana Kishore T, University College of Engineering, Kakinada, India Haribalaji V, Narasu's Sarathy Institute of Technology, India

Chapter 4 Sustainable Developments of Modern Soil-Less Agro-Cultivation Systems: Aquaponic Culture 69

Sampath Boopathi, Muthayammal Engineering College, India Praveen Kumar Siva Kumar, Lagaram Engineering Solutions, India Radhey Shyam Meena, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India Samson Isaac J., Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, India Suresh Kumar P., RVR & JC College of Engineering, India M. Sudhakar, Sri Sai Ram Engineering College, India

Chapter 5 IoT-Based Smart Farming 88

Pawan Kumar Singh, Honeywell Technology Solutions Labs, India

Chapter 6 Sustainable Development in Modern Aquaponics Cultivation Systems Using IoT Technologies 105

Ravi Samikannu, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Botswana Ashok Kumar Koshariya, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, India E. Poornima, Gokkaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology, India S. Ramesh, Saveetha School of Engineering, India Ashok Kumar, Banasthali Vidyapith, India S. Boopathi, Muthayammal Engineering College, India

Chapter 7 Energy Efficiency in the Indian Scenario: A Critical Review 128

Vartika Singh, Amity University, Noida, India

Chapter 8 Sustainable Developments of Hybrid Floating Solar Power Plants: Photovoltaic System 148

Vinay Kumar Domakonda, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology, and Research, India Shaik Farooq, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology, and Research, India Sekhar Chinthamreddy, Narasaraopeta Engineering College, India R. Puviarasi, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), India M. Sudhakar, Sri Sai Ram Engineering College, India S. Boopathi, Muthayammal Engineering College, India

Chapter 9 Comprehensive Characterisation of Biomass and Weather for Deployment of the Renewable Energy Systems 168

Yusto Mugisha Yustas, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania Valerian Cosmas Silayo, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania

Chapter 10 Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Water Purification and Utilization 202

Suthanthira Vanitha, Muthayammal Engineering College, India Radhika K, Muthayammal Engineering College, India Sampath Boopathi, Muthayammal Engineering College, India

Chapter 11 New Strategies in Treatment and Enzymatic Processes: Ethanol Production From Sugarcane Bagasse 219

T Vennila, Sri Sairam Engineering College, India M. S. Karuna, MJP Rohilkhand University, India

Bipin Kumar Srivastava, Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, India Jayaprakash Venugopal, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, India Raviteja Surakasi, Lendi Institute of Engineering and Technology, India Sampath B., Mythayammal Engineering College, India

Chapter 12 Bioethanol Production From Biomass Extracted From Sunn Hemp Seed: A Case Study 241

Ashok Kumar Koshariya, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, India J. Madhusudhanan, Anand Institute of Higher Technology, India M. Jinnah Sheik Mohamed, Nellai College of Engineering, India S. S. Kerur, KLE Technological University, India Srinivas Viswanth Valeti, Aditya Engineering College, India V. Haribalaji, Narasu's Sarathy Institute of Technology, India

Chapter 13 A Glance at Trends Manufacturing Systems Modeling and Optimization 264

Gilberto Perez-Lechuga, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mexico Jose Francisco Martinez-Sanchez, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mexico Tomds Gomez-Rodriguez, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidaldo, Mexico

Compilation of References 292

About the Contributors 316

Index 320

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