ASME has established procedures to authorize qualified organizations to perform various activities in accordance with the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. It is the aim of the Society to provide recognition of organizations so authorized. An organization holding authorization to perform various activities in accordance with the requirements of the Code may state this capability in its advertising literature. Organizations that are authorized to use the ASME Single Certification Mark for marking items or constructions that have been constructed and inspected in compliance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code are issued Certificates of Authorization. It is the aim of the Society to maintain the standing of the ASME Single Certification Mark for the benefit of the users, the enforcement jurisdictions, and the holders of the ASME Single Certification Mark who comply with all requirements. Based on these objectives, the following policy has been established on the usage in advertising of facsimiles of the ASME Single Certification Mark, Certificates of Authorization, and reference to Code construction. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers does not "approve" "certify," "rate," or "endorse" any item, construction, or activity and there shall be no statements or implications that might so indicate. An organization holding the ASME Single Certification Mark and/or a Certificate of Authorization may state in advertising literature that items, constructions, or activities "are built (produced or performed) or activities conducted in accordance with the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code," or "meet the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code." An ASME corporate logo shall not be used by any organization other than ASME. The ASME Single Certification Mark shall be used only for stamping and nameplates as specifically provided in the Code. However, facsimiles may be used for the purpose of fostering the use of such construction. Such usage may be by an association or a society, or by a holder of the ASME Single Certification Mark who may also use the facsimile in advertising to show that clearly specified items will carry the ASME Single Certification Mark.

In 1911, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers established the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee to formulate standard rules for the construction of steam boilers and other pressure vessels. In 2009, the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee was superseded by the following committees: (a) Committee on Power Boilers (I) (b) Committee on Materials (II) (c) Committee on Construction of Nuclear Facility Components (III) (d) Committee on Heating Boilers (IV) (e) Committee on Nondestructive Examination (V) (f) Committee on Pressure Vessels (VIII) (g) Committee on Welding, Brazing, and Fusing(IX) (h) Committee on Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels (X) (i) Committee on Nuclear Inservice Inspection(XI) (j) Committee on Transport Tanks (XII) (k) Committee on Overpressure Protection (XIII) (l) Technical Oversight Management Committee (TOMC) Where reference is made to "the Committee" in this Foreword, each of these committees is included individually and collectively. The Committee's function is to establish rules of safety relating only to pressure integrity, which govern the construction** of boilers, pressure vessels, transport tanks, and nuclear components, and the inservice inspection of nuclear components and transport tanks. The Committee also interprets these rules when questions arise regarding their intent. The technical consistency of the Sections of the Code and coordination of standards development activities of the Committees is supported and guided by the Technical Oversight Management Committee. This Code does not address other safety issues relating to the construction of boilers, pressure vessels, transport tanks, or nuclear components, or the inservice inspection of nuclear components or transport tanks. Users of the Code should refer to the pertinent codes, standards, laws, regulations, or other relevant documents for safety issues other than those relating to pressure integrity. Except for Sections XI and XII, and with a few other exceptions, the rules do not, of practical necessity, reflect the likelihood and consequences of deterioration in service related to specific service fluids or external operating environments. In formulating the rules, the Committee considers the needs of users, manufacturers, and inspectors of pressure vessels. The objective of the rules is to afford reasonably certain protection of life and property, and to provide a margin for deterioration in service to give a reasonably long, safe period of usefulness. Advancements in design and materials and evidence of experience have been recognized. This Code contains mandatory requirements, specific prohibitions, and nonmandatory guidance for construction activities and inservice inspection and testing activities. The Code does not address all aspects of these activities and those aspects that are not specifically addressed should not be considered prohibited. The Code is not a handbook and cannot replace education, experience, and the use of engineering judgment. The phrase engineering judgment refers to technical judgments made by knowledgeable engineers experienced in the application of the Code. Engineering judgments must be consistent with Code philosophy, and such judgments must never be used to overrule mandatory requirements or specific prohibitions of the Code. The Committee recognizes that tools and techniques used for design and analysis change as technology progresses and expects engineers to use good judgment in the application of these tools. The designer is responsible for complying with Code rules and demonstrating compliance with Code equations when such equations are mandatory. The Code neither requires nor prohibits the use of computers for the design or analysis of components constructed to the requirements of the Code. However, designers and engineers using computer programs for design or analysis are cautioned that they are responsible for all technical assumptions inherent in the programs they use and the application of these programs to their design. *The information contained in this Foreword is not part of this American National Standard (ANS) and has not been processed in accordance with ANSI's requirements for an ANS. Therefore, this Foreword may contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements necessary for conformance to the Code. **Construction, as used in this Foreword, is an all-inclusive term comprising materials, design, fabrication, examination, inspection, testing, certification, and overpressure protection. The rules established by the Committee are not to be interpreted as approving, recommending, or endorsing any proprietary or specific design, or as limiting in any way the manufacturer's freedom to choose any method of design or any form of construction that conforms to the Code rules. The Committee meets regularly to consider revisions of the rules, new rules as dictated by technological development, Code Cases, and requests for interpretations. Only the Committee has the authority to provide official interpretations of this Code. Requests for revisions, new rules, Code Cases, or interpretations shall be addressed to the Secretary in writing and shall give full particulars in order to receive consideration and action (see Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standards Committees). Proposed revisions to the Code resulting from inquiries will be presented to the Committee for appropriate action. The action of the Committee becomes effective only after confirmation by ballot of the Committee and approval by ASME. Proposed revisions to the Code approved by the Committee are submitted to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and published at http://go.asme.org/BPVCPublicReview to invite comments from all interested persons. After public review and final approval by ASME, revisions are published at regular intervals in Editions of the Code. The Committee does not rule on whether a component shall or shall not be constructed to the provisions of the Code. The scope of each Section has been established to identify the components and parameters considered by the Committee in formulating the Code rules. Questions or issues regarding compliance of a specific component with the Code rules are to be directed to the ASME Certificate Holder (Manufacturer). Inquiries concerning the interpretation of the Code are to be directed to the Committee. ASME is to be notified should questions arise concerning improper use of the ASME Single Certification Mark. When required by context in this Section, the singular shall be interpreted as the plural, and vice versa, and the feminine, masculine, or neuter gender shall be treated as such other gender as appropriate. The words "shall," "should," and "may" are used in this Standard as follows: -Shall is used to denote a requirement. -Should is used to denote a recommendation. -May is used to denote permission, neither a requirement nor a recommendation.

List of Sections xxxii

Foreword xxxiii

Statement of Policy on the Use of the ASME Single Certification Mark and Code Authorization in Advertising xxxv

Statement of Policy on the Use of ASME Marking to Identify Manufactured Items xxxv

Personnel xxxvi

Correspondence With the Committee lviii

Summary of Changes lx

Cross-Referencing in the ASME BPVC lxvi

Introduction 1

U-1 Scope 1

U-2 General 3

U-3 Standards Referenced by This Division 4

U-4 Units of Measurement 5

U-5 Tolerances 5

Subsection A General Requirements 8

Part UG General Requirements for All Methods of Construction and All Materials 8

      UG-1 Scope 8

      Materials 8

      UG-4 General 8

      UG-5 Plate 9

      UG-6 Forgings 9

      UG-7 Castings 9

      UG-8 Pipe and Tubes 9

      UG-9 Welding Materials 10

      UG-10 Material Identified With or Produced to a Specification Not Permitted by This Division, and Material Not Fully Identified 10

      UG-11 Prefabricated or Preformed Pressure Parts 11

      UG-12 Bolts and Studs 13

      UG-13 Nuts and Washers 13

      UG-14 Rods and Bars 13

      UG-15 Product Specification 14

      Design 14

      UG-16 General 14

      UG-17 Methods of Fabrication in Combination 15

      UG-18 Materials in Combination 15

      UG-19 Special Constructions 15

      UG-20 Design Temperature 16

      UG-21 Design Pressure 17

      UG-22 Loadings 17

      UG-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values 17

      UG-24 Castings 19

      UG-25 Corrosion 19

      UG-26 Linings 20

      UG-27 Thickness of Shells Under Internal Pressure 20

      UG-28 Thickness of Shells and Tubes Under External Pressure 20

      UG-29 Stiffening Rings for Cylindrical Shells Under External Pressure 24

      UG-30 Attachment of Stiffening Rings 26

      UG-31 Tubes, and Pipe When Used as Tubes or Shells 28

      UG-32 Formed Heads, and Sections, Pressure on Concave Side 28

      UG-33 Formed Heads, Pressure on Convex Side 31

      UG-34 Unstayed Flat Heads and Covers 34

      UG-35 Other Types of Closures 38

      Openings and Reinforcements 39

      UG-36 Openings in Pressure Vessels 39

      UG-37 Reinforcement Required for Openings in Shells and Formed Heads 42

      UG-38 Flued Openings in Shells and Formed Heads 45

      UG-39 Reinforcement Required for Openings in Flat Heads and Covers 46

      UG-40 Limits of Reinforcement 48

      UG-41 Strength of Reinforcement 48

      UG-42 Reinforcement of Multiple Openings 51

      UG-43 Methods of Attachment of Pipe and Nozzle Necks to Vessel Walls 51

      UG-44 Flanges and Pipe Fittings 55

      UG-45 Nozzle Neck Thickness 55

      UG-46 Inspection Openings 56

      Braced and Stayed Surfaces 58

      UG-47 Braced and Stayed Surfaces 58

      UG-48 Staybolts 59

      UG-49 Location of Staybolts 59

      UG-50 Dimensions of Staybolts 59

      Ligaments 59

      UG-53 Ligaments 59

      UG-54 Supports 60

      UG-55 Lugs for Platforms, Ladders, and Other Attachments to Vessel Walls 61

      Fabrication 61

      UG-75 General 61

      UG-76 Cutting Plates and Other Stock 61

      UG-77 Material Identification (see UG-85) 61

      UG-78 Repair of Defects in Materials 64

      UG-79 Forming Pressure Parts 64

      UG-80 Permissible Out-of-Roundness of Cylindrical, Conical, and Spherical Shells 64

      UG-81 Tolerance for Formed Heads 66

      UG-82 Lugs and Fitting Attachments 67

      UG-83 Holes for Screw Stays 67

      UG-84 Charpy Impact Tests 67

      UG-85 Heat Treatment 74

      Inspection and Tests 74

      UG-90 General 74

      UG-91 The Inspector 76

      UG-92 Access for Inspector 76

      UG-93 Inspection of Materials 76

      UG-94 Marking on Materials 77

      UG-95 Examination of Surfaces During Fabrication 77

      UG-96 Dimensional Check of Component Parts 77

      UG-97 Inspection During Fabrication 77

      UG-98 Maximum Allowable Working Pressure 77

      UG-99 Standard Hydrostatic Test 78

      UG-100 Pneumatic Test (see UW-50) 80

      UG-101 Proof Tests to Establish Maximum Allowable Working Pressure 81

      UG-102 Test Gages 87

      UG-103 Nondestructive Testing 87

      Marking and Reports 87

      UG-115 General 87

      UG-116 Required Marking 87

      UG-117 Certificates of Authorization and Certification Marks 89

      UG-118 Methods of Marking 90

      UG-119 Nameplates91

      UG-120 Data Reports 92

      Overpressure Protection 94

      UG-150 General Requirements 94

      UG-151 Responsibilities 94

      UG-152 Determination of Pressure Relieving Requirements 94

      UG-153 Overpressure Limits 95

      UG-154 Permitted Pressure Relief Devices and Methods 95

      UG-155 Pressure Settings and Performance Requirements 96

      UG-156 Installation 97

Subsection B Requirements Pertaining to Methods of Fabrication of Pressure Vessels 98

Part UW Requirements for Pressure Vessels Fabricated by Welding 98

      General 98

      UW-1 Scope 98

      UW-2 Service Restrictions 98

      UW-3 Welded Joint Category 99

      Materials 100

      UW-5 General 100

      UW-6 Nonmandatory Guidelines for Welding Material Selections 101

      Design 101

      UW-8 General 101

      UW-9 Design of Welded joints 101

      UW-10 Postweld Heat Treatment 103

      UW-11 Radiographic and Ultrasonic Examination 103

      UW-12 Joint Efficiencies 104

      UW-13 Attachment Details 105

      UW-14 Openings in or Adjacent to Welds 115

      UW-15 Welded Connections 115

      UW-16 Minimum Requirements for Attachment Welds at Openings 116

      UW-17 Plug Welds 125

      UW-18 Fillet Welds 125

      UW-19 Welded Stayed Construction 126

      UW-20 Tube-to-Tubesheet Joint Strength 127

      UW-21 ASME B16.5 Socket and Slip-on Flange Welds 137

      Fabrication 138

      UW-26 General 138

      UW-27 Welding Processes 138

      UW-28 Qualification of Welding Procedure 139

      UW-29 Tests of Welders and Welding Operators 139

      UW-30 Lowest Permissible Temperatures for Welding 139

      UW-31 Cutting, Fitting, and Alignment 140

      UW-32 Cleaning of Surfaces to Be Welded 140

      UW-33 Alignment Tolerance 140

      UW-34 Spin-Holes 140

      UW-35 Completed Welds 141

      UW-36 Fillet Welds 141

      UW-37 Miscellaneous Welding Requirements 141

      UW-38 Repair of Weld Defects 142

      UW-39 Peening 142

      UW-40 Procedures for Postweld Heat Treatment 142

      UW-41 Sectioning of Welded Joints 144

      UW-42 Surface Weld Metal Buildup 144

      Inspection and Tests 144

      UW-46 General 144

      UW-47 Check of Welding Procedure 145

      UW-48 Check of Welder and Welding Operator Qualifications 145

      UW-49 Check of Postweld Heat Treatment Practice 145

      UW-50 Nondestructive Examination of Welds on Pneumatically Tested Vessels 145

      UW-51 Radiographic Examination of Welded Joints 145

      UW-52 Spot Examination of Welded Joints 146

      UW-53 Ultrasonic Examination of Welded Joints 147

      UW-54 Qualification of Nondestructive Examination Personnel 147

      UW-55 Diffusion Welding Examination 147

      Marking and Reports 147

      UW-60 General 147

Part UF Requirements for Pressure Vessels Fabricated by Forging 148

      General 148

      UF-1 Scope 148

      Materials 148

      UF-5 General 148

      UF-6 Forgings 148

      UF-7 Forged Steel Rolls Used for Corrugating Paper Machinery 148

      Design 148

      UF-12 General 148

      UF-13 Head Design 148

      UF-25 Corrosion Allowance 149

      Fabrication 149

      UF-26 General 149

      UF-27 Tolerances on Body Forgings 149

      UF-28 Methods of Forming Forged Heads 149

      UF-29 Tolerance on Forged Heads 149

      UF-30 Localized Thin Areas 149

      UF-31 Heat Treatment 149

      UF-32 Welding for Fabrication 150

      UF-37 Repair of Defects in Material 151

      UF-38 Repair of Weld Defects 151

      UF-43 Attachment of Threaded Nozzles to Integrally Forged Necks and Thickened Heads on Vessels 152 Inspection and Tests 152

      UF-45 General 152

      UF-46 Acceptance by Inspector 152

      UF-47 Farts Forging 152

      UF-52 Check of Heat Treatment and Postweld Heat Treatment 152

      UF-53 Test Specimens 152

      UF-54 Tests and Retests 152

      UF-55 Ultrasonic Examination 152

      Marking and Reports 153

      UF-115 General 153

Part UB Requirements for Pressure Vessels Fabricated by Brazing 154

      General 154

      UB-1 Scope 154

      UB-2 Elevated Temperature 154

      UB-3 Service Restrictions 154

      Materials 154

      UB-5 General 154

      UB-6 Brazing Filler Metals 155

      UB-7 Fluxes and Atmospheres 155

      Design 155

      UB-9 General 155

      UB-10 Strength of Brazed Joints 155

      UB-11 Qualification of Brazed Joints for Design Temperatures Up to the Maximum Shown in Column 1 of Table UB-2 155

      UB-12 Qualification of Brazed Joints for Design Temperatures in the Range Shown in Column 2 of Table UB-2 155

      UB-13 Corrosion 155

      UB-14 Joint Efficiency Factors 155

      UB-15 Application of Brazing Filler Metal 155

      UB-16 Permissible Types of Joints 156

      UB-17 Joint Clearance 156

      UB-18 Joint Brazing Procedure 157

      UB-19 Openings 157

      UB-20 Nozzles 157

      UB-21 Brazed Connections 157

      UB-22 Low Temperature Operation 158

      Fabrication 158

      UB-30 General 158

      UB-31 Qualification of Brazing Procedure 158

      UB-32 Qualification of Brazers and Brazing Operators 158

      UB-33 Buttstraps 159

      UB-34 Cleaning of Surfaces to Be Brazed 159

      UB-35 Clearance Between Surfaces to Be Brazed 159

      UB-36 Postbrazing Operations 159

      UB-37 Repair of Defective Brazing 159

      Inspection and Tests 159

      UB-40 General 159

      UB-41 Inspection During Fabrication 159

      UB-42 Procedure 159

      UB-43 Brazer and Brazing Operator 159

      UB-44 Visual Examination 160

      UB-50 Exemptions 160

      Marking and Reports 160

      UB-55 General 160

Subsection C Requirements Pertaining to Classes of Materials 161

Part UCS Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Carbon and Low Alloy Steels 161

      General 161

      UCS-1 Scope 161

      Materials 161

      UCS-5 General 161

      UCS-6 Steel Plates 161

      UCS-7 Steel Forgings 162

      UCS-8 Steel Castings 162

      UCS-9 Steel Pipe and Tubes 162

      UCS-10 Bolt Materials 162

      UCS-11 Nuts and Washers 162

      UCS-12 Bars and Shapes 162

      Design 162

      UCS-16 General 162

      UCS-19 Welded Joints 163

      UCS-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values 163

      UCS-27 Shells Made From Pipe 163

      UCS-28 Thickness of Shells Under External Pressure 164

      UCS-29 Stiffening Rings for Shells Under External Pressure 164

      UCS-30 Attachment of Stiffening Rings to Shell 164

      UCS-33 Formed Heads, Pressure on Convex Side 164

      UCS-56 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment 164

      UCS-57 Radiographic Examination 175

      Low Temperature Operation 175

      UCS-65 Scope 175

      UCS-66 Materials 175

      UCS-67 Impact Tests of Welding Procedures 191

      UCS-68 Design 192

      Fabrication 192

      UCS-75 General 192

      UCS-79 Forming Pressure Parts 192

      UCS-85 Heat Treatment of Test Specimens 193

      Inspection and Tests 194

      UCS-90 General 194

      Marking and Reports 194

      UCS-115 General 194

      Nonmandatory Appendix UCS-A 195

      UCS-A-1 General 195

      UCS-A-2 Creep-Rupture Properties of Carbon Steels 195

      UCS-A-3 Vessels Operating at Temperatures Colder Than the MDMT Stamped on the Nameplate 195

Part UNF Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Nonferrous Materials 196

      General 196

      UNF-1 Scope 196

      UNF-3 Uses 196

      UNF-4 Conditions of Service 196

      Materials 196

      UNF-5 General 196

      UNF-6 Nonferrous Plate 196

      UNF-7 Forgings 196

      UNF-8 Castings 196

      UNF-12 Bolt Materials 196

      UNF-13 Nuts and Washers 197

      UNF-14 Rods, Bars, and Shapes 197

      UNF-15 Other Materials 197

      Design 197

      UNF-16 General 197

      UNF-19 Welded Joints 197

      UNF-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values 197

      UNF-28 Thickness of Shells Under External Pressure 200

      UNF-30 Stiffening Rings 200

      UNF-33 Formed Heads, Pressure on Convex Side 200

      UNF-56 Postweld Heat Treatment 200

      UNF-57 Radiographic Examination 201

      UNF-58 Liquid Penetrant Examination 201

      UNF-65 Low Temperature Operation 201

      Fabrication 202

      UNF-75 General 202

      UNF-77 Forming Shell Sections and Heads 202

      UNF-78 Welding 202

      UNF-79 Requirements for Postfabrication Heat Treatment Due to Straining 202

      Inspection and Tests 202

      UNF-90 General 202

      UNF-91 Requirements for the Image Quality Indicator 202

      UNF-95 Welding Test Plates 202

      Marking and Reports 202

      UNF-115 General 202

      Nonmandatory Appendix UNF-A Characteristics of the Nonferrous Materials 204

      UNF-A-1 Purpose 204

      UNF-A-2 General 204

      UNF-A-3 Properties 204

      UNF-A-4 Magnetic Properties 204

      UNF-A-5 Elevated Temperature Effects 204

      UNF-A-6 Low Temperature Behavior 204

      UNF-A-7 Thermal Cutting 204

      UNF-A-8 Machining 204

      UNF-A-9 Gas Welding 204

      UNF-A-10 Metal Arc Welding 205

      UNF-A-11 Inert Gas Metal Arc Welding 205

      UNF-A-12 Resistance Welding 205

      UNF-A-13 Corrosion 205

      UNF-A-14 Special Comments 205

Part UHA Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of High Alloy Steel 206

      General 206

      UHA-1 Scope 206

      UHA-5 Uses 206

      UHA-6 Conditions of Service 206

      UHA-8 Material 206

      Materials 206

      UHA-11 General 206

      UHA-12 Bolt Materials 206

      UHA-13 Nuts and Washers 206

      Design 207

      UHA-20 General 207

      UHA-21 Welded Joints 207

      UHA-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values 207

      UHA-28 Thickness of Shells Under External Pressure 207

      UHA-29 Stiffening Rings for Shells Under External Pressure 207

      UHA-30 Attachment of Stiffening Rings to Shell 207

      UHA-31 Formed Heads, Pressure on Convex Side 207

      UHA-32 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment 207

      UHA-33 Radiographic Examination 213

      UHA-34 Liquid Penetrant Examination 213

      Fabrication 213

      UHA-40 General 213

      UHA-42 Weld Metal Composition 213

      UHA-44 Requirements for Postfabrication Heat Treatment Due to Straining 213

      Inspection and Tests 215

      UHA-50 General 215

      UHA-51 Impact Tests 215

      UHA-52 Welded Test Plates 218

      Marking and Reports 218

      UHA-60 General 218

      Nonmandatory Appendix UHA-A Suggestions on the Selection and Treatment of Austenitic Chromium-Nickel and Ferritic and Martensitic High Chromium Steels 219

      UHA-A-1 General 219

      UHA-A-2 Dissimilar Weld Metal 219

      UHA-A-3 Fabrication 219

      UHA-A-4 Relaxation Cracking 219

Part UCI Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Cast Iron 221

      General 221

      UCI-1 Scope 221

      UCI-2 Service Restrictions 221

      UCI-3 Pressure-Temperature Limitations 221

      Materials 221

      UCI-5 General 221

      UCI-12 Bolt Materials 221

      Design 221

      UCI-16 General 221

      UCI-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values 221

      UCI-28 Thickness of Shells Under External Pressure 222

      UCI-29 Dual Metal Cylinders 222

      UCI-32 Heads With Pressure on Concave Side 222

      UCI-33 Heads With Pressure on Convex Side 222

      UCI-35 Spherically Shaped Covers (Heads) 222

      UCI-36 Openings and Reinforcements 222

      UCI-37 Corners and Fillets 223

      Fabrication 223

      UCI-75 General 223

      UCI-78 Repairs in Cast Iron Materials 223

      Inspection and Tests 224

      UCI-90 General 224

      UCI-99 Standard Hydrostatic Test 224

      UCI-101 Hydrostatic Test to Destruction 224

      Marking and Reports 224

      UCI-115 General 224

Part UCL Requirements for Welded Pressure Vessels Constructed of Material With Corrosion Resistant Integral Cladding, Weld Metal Overlay Cladding, or Applied Linings 225

      General 225

      UCL-1 Scope 225

      UCL-2 Methods of Fabrication 225

      UCL-3 Conditions of Service 225

      Materials 225

      UCL-10 General 225

      UCL-11 Integral and Weld Metal Overlay Clad Material 225

      UCL-12 Lining 226

      Design 226

      UCL-20 General 226

      UCL-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values 226

      UCL-24 Maximum Allowable Working Temperature 227

      UCL-25 Corrosion of Cladding or Lining Material 227

      UCL-26 Thickness of Shells and Heads Under External Pressure 227

      UCL-27 Low Temperature Operations 227

      Fabrication 227

      UCL-30 General 227

      UCL-31 Joints in Integral or Weld Metal Overlay Cladding and Applied Linings 227

      UCL-32 Weld Metal Composition 227

      UCL-33 Inserted Strips in Clad Material 228

      UCL-34 Postweld Heat Treatment 228

      UCL-35 Radiographic Examination 228

      UCL-36 Examination of Chromium Stainless Steel Cladding or Lining 228

      UCL-40 Welding Procedures 228

      UCL-42 Alloy Welds in Base Metal 228

      UCL-46 Fillet Welds 229

      Inspection and Tests 229

      UCL-50 General 229

      UCL-51 Tightness of Applied Lining 229

      UCL-52 Hydrostatic Test 229

      Marking and Reports 229

      UCL-55 General 229

Part UCD Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Cast Ductile Iron 230

      General 230

      UCD-1 Scope 230

      UCD-2 Service Restrictions 230

      UCD-3 Pressure-Temperature Limitations 230

      Materials 230

      UCD-5 General 230

      UCD-12 Bolt Materials 230

      Design 230

      UCD-16 General 230

      UCD-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values 230

      UCD-28 Thickness of Shells Under External Pressure 230

      UCD-32 Heads With Pressure on Concave Side 231

      UCD-33 Heads With Pressure on Convex Side 231

      UCD-35 Spherically Shaped Covers (Heads) 231

      UCD-36 Openings and Reinforcements 231

      UCD-37 Corners and Fillets 231

      Fabrication 231

      UCD-75 General 231

      UCD-78 Repairs in Cast Ductile Iron Material 231

      Inspection and Tests 232

      UCD-90 General 232

      UCD-99 Standard Hydrostatic Test 232

      UCD-101 Hydrostatic Test to Destruction 233

      Marking and Reports 233

      UCD-115 General 233

Part UHT Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Ferritic Steels With Tensile Properties Enhanced by Heat Treatment 234

      General 234

      UHT-1 Scope 234

      Materials 234

      UHT-5 General 234

      UHT-6 Test Requirements 234

      Design 235

      UHT-16 General 235

      UHT-17 Welded Joints 235

      UHT-18 Nozzles 236

      UHT-19 Conical Sections 236

      UHT-20 Joint Alignment 236

      UHT-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values 236

      UHT-25 Corrosion Allowance 239

      UHT-27 Thickness of Shells Under External Pressure 239

      UHT-28 Structural Attachments and Stiffening Rings 239

      UHT-29 Stiffening Rings for Shells Under External Pressure 239

      UHT-30 Attachment of Stiffening Rings to Shells 239

      UHT-32 Formed Heads, Pressure on Concave Side 239

      UHT-33 Formed Heads, Pressure on Convex Side 240

      UHT-34 Hemispherical Heads 240

      UHT-40 Materials Having Different Coefficients of Expansion 240

      UHT-56 Postweld Heat Treatment 240

      UHT-57 Examination 240

      Fabrication 241

      UHT-75 General 241

      UHT-79 Forming Pressure Parts 241

      UHT-80 Heat Treatment 242

      UHT-81 Heat Treatment Verification Tests 242

      UHT-82 Welding 242

      UHT-83 Methods of Metal Removal 244

      UHT-84 Weld Finish 244

      UHT-85 Structural and Temporary Welds 244

      UHT-86 Marking on Plates and Other Materials 244

      Inspection and Tests 244

      UHT-90 General 244

      Marking and Reports 244

      UHT-115 General 244

Part ULW Requirements for Pressure Vessels Fabricated by Layered Construction 245

      Introduction 245

      ULW-1 Scope 245

      ULW-2 Nomenclature 245

      Material 245

      ULW-5 General 245

      Design 245

      ULW-16 General 245

      ULW-17 Design of Welded Joints 248

      ULW-18 Nozzle Attachments and Opening Reinforcement 248

      ULW-20 Welded Joint Efficiency 256

      ULW-22 Attachments 256

      ULW-26 Postweld Heat Treatment 256

      Welding 256

      ULW-31 Welded Joints 256

      ULW-32 Welding Procedure Qualification 260

      ULW-33 Performance Qualification 260

      Nondestructive Examination of Welded Joints 260

      ULW-50 General 260

      ULW-51 Inner Shells and Inner Heads 260

      ULW-52 Layers — Welded Joints 260

      ULW-53 Layers - Step Welded Girth Joints 262

      ULW-54 Butt Joints 262

      ULW-55 Flat Head and Tubesheet Weld Joints 263

      ULW-56 Nozzle and Communicating Chambers Weld Joints 263

      ULW-57 Random Spot Examination and Repairs of Weld 263

      Fabrication 266

      ULW-75 General 266

      ULW-76 Vent Holes 266

      ULW-77 Contact Between Layers 266

      ULW-78 Alternative to Measuring Contact Between Layers During Construction 266

      Inspection and Testing 267

      ULW-90 General 267

      Marking and Reports 267

      ULW-115 General 267

Part ULT Alternative Rules for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Materials Having Higher Allowable Stresses at Low Temperature 268

      General 268

      ULT-1 Scope 268

      ULT-2 Conditions of Service 268

      ULT-5 General 268

      Design 269

      ULT-16 General 269

      ULT-17 Welded Joints 269

      ULT-18 Nozzles and Other Connections 269

      ULT-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values 269

      ULT-27 Thickness of Shells 269

      ULT-28 Thickness of Shells Under External Pressure 269

      ULT-29 Stiffening Rings for Shells Under External Pressure 269

      ULT-30 Structural Attachments 269

      ULT-56 Postweld Heat Treatment 273

      ULT-57 Examination 273

      Fabrication 273

      ULT-75 General 273

      ULT-79 Forming Shell Sections and Heads 273

      ULT-82 Welding 273

      ULT-86 Marking on Plate and Other Materials 274

      Inspection and Tests 274

      ULT-90 General 274

      ULT-99 Hydrostatic Test 275

      ULT-100 Pneumatic Test 276

      Marking and Reports 276

      ULT-115 General 276

      Overpressure Protection 276

      ULT-125 General 276

Part UHX Rules for Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers 277

      UHX-1 General 277

      UHX-2 Materials and Methods of Fabrication 277

      UHX-18 Pressure Test Requirements 277

      UHX-19 Heat Exchanger Marking and Reports 277

      UHX-20 Examples 279

Part UIG Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Impregnated Graphite 280

      Nonmandatory Introduction 280

      General 280

      UIG-1 Scope 280

      UIG-2 Equipment and Service Limitations 280

      UIG-3 Terminology 281

      Materials 281

      UIG-5 Raw Material Control 281

      UIG-6 Certified Material Control 281

      UIG-7 Additional Properties 282

      UIG-8 Tolerances for Impregnated Graphite Tubes 282

      Design 282

      UIG-22 Loadings 282

      UIG-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values for Certified Material 282

      UIG-27 Thickness of Cylindrical Shells Made of Certified Materials Under Internal Pressure 282

      UIG-28 External Pressure 283

      UIG-34 Calculating Flat Heads, Covers, and Tubesheets 283

      UIG-36 Openings and Reinforcements 290

      UIG-45 Nozzle Neck Thickness 290

      UIG-60 Lethal Service 290

      Fabrication 290

      UIG-75 General Requirements 290

      UIG-76 Procedure and Personnel Qualification 291

      UIG-77 Certified Material Specification 291

      UIG-78 Certified Cement Specification 292

      UIG-79 Certified Cementing Procedure Specification 292

      UIG-80 Cementing Technician Qualification 294

      UIG-81 Repair of Materials 294

      UIG-84 Required Tests 294

      Inspection and Tests 301

      UIG-90 General 301

      UIG-95 Visual Examination 301

      UIG-96 Qualification of Visual Examination Personnel 301

      UIG-97 Acceptance Standards and Documentation 302

      UIG-99 Pressure Tests 304

      UIG-112 Quality Control Requirements 304

      UIG-115 Markings and Reports 304

      UIG-116 Required Markings 306

      UIG-120 Data Reports 306

      UIG-121 Records 307

      Nonmandatory Appendix UIG-A Guide to Part UIG Certification Requirements 320

      UIG-A-1 General 320

      UIG-A-2 Material Qualification 320

      UIG-A-3 Cementing Procedure and Cementing Technician Qualification 320

      UIG-A-4 Lot Testing 320

      UIG-A-5 Documentation 321

      Mandatory Appendix 1 Supplementary Design Formulas 322

      1-1 Thickness of Cylindrical and Spherical Shells 322

      1-2 Cylindrical Shells 322

      1-3 Spherical Shells 322

      1-4 Formulas for the Design of Formed Heads Under Internal Pressure 322

      1-5 Rules for Conical Reducer Sections and Conical Heads Under Internal Pressure 325

      1-6 Dished Covers (Bolted Heads) 328

      1-7 Large Openings in Cylindrical and Conical Shells 330

      1-8 Rules for Reinforcement of Cones and Conical Reducers Under External Pressure 332

      Mandatory Appendix 2 Rules for Bolted Flange Connections With Ring Type Gaskets 337

      2-1 Scope 337

      2-2 Materials 337

      2-3 Notation 338

      2-4 Circular Flange Types 339

      2-5 Bolt Loads 340

      2-6 Flange Moments 344

      2-7 Calculation of Flange Stresses 346

      2-8 Allowable Flange Design Stresses 355

      2-9 Split Loose Flanges 355

      2-10 Noncircular Shaped Flanges With Circular Bore 355

      2-11 Flanges Subject to External Pressures 355

      2-12 Flanges With Nut-Stops 356

      2-13 Reverse Flanges 356

      2-14 Flange Rigidity 358

      2-15 Qualification of Assembly Procedures and Assemblers 359

      Mandatory Appendix 3 Definitions 360

      3-1 Introduction 360

      3-2 Definitions of Terms 360

      Mandatory Appendix 4 Rounded Indications Charts Acceptance Standard for Radiographically Determined Rounded Indications in Welds 363

      4-1 Applicability of These Standards 363

      4-2 Terminology 363

      4-3 Acceptance Criteria 363

      Mandatory Appendix 5 Flexible Shell Element Expansion Joints 371

      5-1 General 371

      5-2 Materials 371

      5-3 Design 371

      5-4 Fabrication 373

      5-5 Inspection and Tests 374

      5-6 Marking and Reports 374

      Mandatory Appendix 6 Methods for Magnetic Particle Examination (MT) 375

      6-1 Scope 375

      6-2 Certification of Competency for Nondestructive Examination Personnel 375

      6-3 Evaluation of Indications 375

      6-4 Acceptance Standards 375

      6-5 Repair Requirements 375

      Mandatory Appendix 7 Examination of Steel Castings 377

      7-1 Scope 377

      7-2 Examination Techniques 377

      7-3 Examination Requirements 377

      7-4 Repairs 378

      7-5 Identification and Marking 379

      Mandatory Appendix 8 Methods for Liquid Penetrant Examination (PT) 380

      8-1 Scope 380

      8-2 Certification of Competency of Nondestructive Examination Personnel 380

      8-3 Evaluation of Indications 380

      8-4 Acceptance Standards 380

      8-5 Repair Requirements 380

      Mandatory Appendix 9 Jacketed Vessels 382

      9-1 Scope 382

      9-2 Types of Jacketed Vessels 382

      9-3 Materials 382

      9-4 Design of Jacket Shells and Jacket Heads 382

      9-5 Design of Closure Member of Jacket to Vessel 382

      9-6 Design of Penetrations Through Jackets 388

      9-7 Design of Partial Jackets 389

      9-8 Fabrication 389

      9-10 Inspection 389

      Mandatory Appendix 10 Quality Control System 392

      10-1 General 392

      10-2 Outline of Features to Be Included in the Written Description of the Quality Control System 392

      10-3 Authority and Responsibility 392

      10-4 Organization 392

      10-5 Drawings, Design Calculations, and Specification Control 392

      10-6 Material Control 393

      10-7 Examination and Inspection Program 393

      10-8 Correction of Nonconformities 393

      10-9 Welding 393

      10-10 Nondestructive Examination 393

      10-11 Heat Treatment 393

      10-12 Calibration of Measurement and Test Equipment 393

      10-13 Records Retention 393

      10-14 Sample Forms 394

      10-15 Inspection of Vessels and Vessel Parts 394

      10-16 Certifications 394

      Mandatory Appendix 11 Capacity Conversions for Safety Valves 395

      Mandatory Appendix 12 Ultrasonic Examination of Welds (UT) 396

      12-1 Scope 396

      12-2 Certification of Competence of Nondestructive Examiner 396

      12-3 Acceptance-Rejection Standards 396

      12-4 Report of Examination 396

      Mandatory Appendix 13 Vessels of Noncircular Cross Section 397

      13-1 Scope 397

      13-2 Types of Vessels 397

      13-3 Materials 397

      13-4 Design of Vessels of Noncircular Cross Section 401

      13-5 Nomenclature 404

      13-6 Ligament Efficiency of Multidiameter Holes in Plates 406

      13-7 Unreinforced Vessels of Rectangular Cross Section 407

      13-8 Reinforced Vessels of Rectangular Cross Section 409

      13-9 Stayed Vessels of Rectangular Cross Section [Figure 13-2(a), Sketches(7)and (8)] 414

      13-10 Unreinforced Vessels Having an Obround Cross Section [Figure 13-2(b), Sketch(1)] 417

      13-11 Reinforced Vessels of Obround Cross Section [Figure 13-2(b), Sketch (2)] 417

      13-12 Stayed Vessels of Obround Cross Section [Figure 13-2(b), Sketch (3)] 418

      13-13 Vessels of Circular Cross Section Having a Single Diametral Staying Member [Figure 13-2(c)] 419

      13-14 Vessels of Noncircular Cross Section Subject to External Pressure 420

      13-15 Fabrication 422

      13-16 Inspection 422

      13-17 Examples 422

      13-18 Special Calculations 422

      Mandatory Appendix 14 Integral Flat Heads With a Large, Single, Circular, Centrally Located Opening 426

      14-1 Scope 426

      14-2 Nomenclature 426

      14-3 Design Procedure 426

      14-4 Data Reports 428

      Mandatory Appendix 17 Dimpled or Embossed Assemblies 429

      17-1 Scope 429

      17-2 Service Restrictions 429

      17-3 Materials 429

      17-4 Thickness Limitations 430

      17-5 Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP) 430

      17-6 Design Limitations 430

      17-7 Welding Control 430

      17-8 Quality Control 432

      17-9 Records 432

      17-10 Data Reports 433

      Mandatory Appendix 18 Adhesive Attachment of Nameplates 441

      18-1 Scope 441

      18-2 Nameplate Application Procedure Qualification 441

      Mandatory Appendix 19 Electrically Heated or Gas-Fired Jacketed Steam Kettles 442

      19-1 Scope 442

      19-2 Service Restrictions 442

      19-3 Materials 442

      19-4 Design 442

      19-5 Inspection and Stamping 442

      19-6 Pressure Relief 442

      19-7 Appurtenances and Controls 442

      19-8 Data Reports 442

      Mandatory Appendix 20 Hubs Machined From Plate 443

      20-1 Scope 443

      20-2 Material 443

      20-3 Examination Requirements 443

      20-4 Data Reports 443

      Mandatory Appendix 21 Jacketed Vessels Constructed of Work-Hardened Nickel 444

      21-1 Scope 444

      21-2 Design Requirements 444

      21-3 Fabrication 444

      21-4 Data Reports 444

      Mandatory Appendix 22 Integrally Forged Vessels 445

      22-1 Scope 445

      22-2 Material 445

      22-3 Design 445

      22-4 Heat Treatment 446

      22-5 Marking 446

      22-6 Data Reports 446

      Mandatory Appendix 23 External Pressure Design of Copper, Copper Alloy, and Titanium Alloy Condenser and Heat Exchanger Tubes With Integral Fins 447

      23-1 Scope 447

      23-2 Materials 447

      23-3 Test Procedure 447

      23-4 Criteria 447

      23-5 Data Reports 448

      Mandatory Appendix 24 Design Rules for Clamp Connections 449

      24-1 Scope 449

      24-2 Materials 449

      24-3 Notation 449

      24-4 Bolt Loads 453

      24-5 Hub Moments 454

      24-6 Calculation of Hub Stresses 454

      24-7 Calculation of Clamp Stresses 454

      24-8 Allowable Design Stresses for Clamp Connections 454

      Mandatory Appendix 26 Bellows Expansion Joints 456

      26-1 GENERAL 456

      26-5 Materials 456

      26-10 Fabrication 456

      26-11 Examination 457

      26-12 Pressure Test Requirements 457

      26-13 Marking and Reports 458

      26-14 Examples 458

      Mandatory Appendix 27 Alternative Requirements for Glass-Lined Vessels 465

      27-1 Scope 465

      27-2 Permissible Out-of-Roundness of Cylindrical Shells Under Internal Pressure 465

      27-3 Permissible Tolerance for Hemispherical or 2:1 Ellipsoidal Heads 465

      27-4 Hydrostatic Test 465

      27-5 Heat Treatment of Test Specimens 466

      27-6 Low Temperature Operation 466

      27-7 Postweld Heat Treatment 466

      27-8 Data Reports 466

      Mandatory Appendix 30 Rules for Drilled Holes Not Penetrating Through Vessel Wall 467

      30-1 Scope 467

      30-2 Supplementary Requirements 467

      30-3 Nomenclature 468

      Mandatory Appendix 31 Rules for Cr-Mo Steels With Additional Requirements for Welding and Heat Treatment 469

      31-1 Scope 470

      31-2 Postweld Heat Treatment 470

      31-3 Test Specimen Heat Treatment 470

      31-4 Welding Procedure Qualification and Welding Consumables Testing 471

      31-5 Toughness Requirements 471

      Mandatory Appendix 32 Local Thin Areas in Cylindrical Shells and in Spherical Segments of Shells 472

      32-1 Scope 472

      32-2 General Requirements 472

      32-3 Nomenclature 472

      32-4 Allowable Locations for Local Thin Areas 473

      32-5 Blend Grinding Requirements for Local Thin Areas 474

      32-6 Single Local Thin Areas in Cylindrical Shells 474

      32-7 Multiple Local Thin Areas in Cylindrical Shells 475

      32-8 Single Local Thin Areas in Spherical Segments of Shells 475

      32-9 Multiple Local Thin Areas in Spherical Segments of Shells 475

      32-10 Data Reports 475

      Mandatory Appendix 34 Requirements for Use of High Silicon Stainless Steels for Pressure Vessels 476

      34-1 Scope 476

      34-2 Heat Treatment 476

      34-3 Weld Procedure Qualification 476

      34-4 Toughness Requirements 477

      34-5 Additional Requirements 477

      Mandatory Appendix 35 Rules for Mass Production of Pressure Vessels 478

      35-1 Introduction 478

      35-2 Scope 478

      35-3 General 478

      35-4 Quality Control Procedures 478

      35-5 Data Reports 479

      35-6 Pneumatic Testing 479

      35-7 Hydrostatic Testing 480

      Mandatory Appendix 36 Standard Test Method for Determining the Flexural Strength of Certified Materials Using Three-Point Loading 481

      36-1 Scope 481

      36-2 Terminology 481

      36-3 Apparatus 481

      36-4 Test Specimen 481

      36-5 Procedure 481

      36-6 Test Data Record 481

      36-7 Calculation 481

      36-8 Report 481

      Mandatory Appendix 37 Standard Test Method for Determining the Tensile Strength of Certified Impregnated Graphite Materials 483

      37-1 Scope 483

      37-2 Terminology 483

      37-3 Apparatus 483

      37-4 Test Specimens 483

      37-5 Procedure 483

      37-6 Test Data Record 483

      37-7 Calculations 483

      37-8 Reports 484

      Mandatory Appendix 38 Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Impregnated Graphite 485

      38-1 Scope 485

      38-2 Referenced Documents 485

      38-3 Terminology 485

      38-4 Significance and Use 485

      38-5 Apparatus 485

      38-6 Sampling 485

      38-7 Test Specimen 485

      38-8 Procedure 485

      38-9 Calculation 486

      38-10 Report 486

      38-11 Precision and Bias 486

      Mandatory Appendix 39 Testing the Coefficient of Permeability of Impregnated Graphite 487

      39-1 Scope and Field of Application 487

      39-2 Concept 487

      39-3 Principle 487

      39-4 Apparatus 487

      39-5 Specimens 488

      39-6 Procedure 488

      39-7 Test Report 488

      39-8 Precision 488

      Mandatory Appendix 40 Thermal Expansion Test Method for Graphite and Impregnated Graphite 489

      40-1 Scope 489

      40-2 Test Method 489

      40-3 Equipment 489

      40-4 Test Specimen 489

      40-5 Testing Process 490

      40-6 Thermal Expansion Factor 490

      Mandatory Appendix 41 Electric Immersion Heater Element Support Plates 492

      41-1 Scope 492

      41-2 Materials and Methods of Fabrication 492

      41-3 Terminology 492

      41-4 Conditions of Applicability for EIH Support Plates 492

      41-5 Nomenclature 492

      41-6 Design Considerations 494

      41-7 Calculation Procedure 494

      41-8 Pressure Test Requirement 495

      41-9 Data Reports 495

      41-10 Example 495

      Mandatory Appendix 42 Diffusion Welding of Microchannel Heat Exchangers 499

      Mandatory Appendix 43 Establishing Governing Code Editions and Cases for Pressure Vessels and Parts 500

      43-1 General 500

      43-2 Construction 500

      43-3 Materials 500

      Mandatory Appendix 44 Cold Stretching of Austenitic Stainless Steel Pressure Vessels 501

      44-1 Scope 501

      44-2 General Requirements 501

      44-3 Nomenclature 501

      44-4 Materials and Allowable Design Stress 501

      44-5 Design 501

      44-6 Fabrication Process 502

      44-7 Stamping and Certification 503

      Mandatory Appendix 45 Plate Heat Exchangers 504

      45-1 Scope 504

      45-2 Materials of Construction 504

      45-3 Terminology 504

      45-4 Conditions of Applicability 505

      45-5 Design Considerations 505

      45-6 Calculation Procedure 506

      45-7 Pressure Test Requirements 506

      45-8 Manufacturer's Data Reports 507

      Mandatory Appendix 46 Rules for Use of Section VIII, Division 2 508

      46-1 Scope 508

      46-2 Allowable Design Stress and Other Material Rules 508

      46-3 Design by Rule 508

      46-4 Design by Analysis 508

      Mandatory Appendix 47 Requirements for Pressure Vessel Designers 510

      47-1 Introduction 510

      47-2 Qualification Requirements for Responsible Charge 510

      47-3 Alternative Qualifications for Responsible Charge 510

      47-4 Qualifications for Design Activity 511

      47-5 Additional Qualification Requirements 511

      47-6 Manufacturer's Responsibilities 511

      Mandatory Appendix 48 Vessels With Acrylic Cylindrical Shells 513

      48-1 Scope and Service Restriction 513

      48-2 Materials 513

      48-3 Design 513

      48-4 Fabrication 513

      48-5 Inspection 514

      48-6 Testing 514

      48-7 Marking 514

      48-8 Acrylic Window Manufacturer Certification 514

      48-9 Acrylic Vessels Maintenance and Operation 514

      Nonmandatory Appendix A Basis for Establishing Allowable Loads for Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints 515

      Nonmandatory Appendix C Suggested Methods for Obtaining the Operating Temperature of Vessel Walls in Service 516

      C-1 Thermocouple Installation 516

      C-2 Alternative Thermocouple Installation 516

      Nonmandatory Appendix D Suggested Good Practice Regarding Internal Structures 517

      D-1 Introduction 517

      D-2 Internal Structures Support 517

      D-3 Internal Structures Support Guidelines 517

      Nonmandatory Appendix E Suggested Good Practice Regarding Corrosion Allowance 518

      E-1 General 518

      E-2 Predictable Corrosion Rate 518

      E-3 Indeterminate Corrosion Rate 518

      E-4 Negligible Corrosion Rate 518

      E-5 Corrosive Service 518

      E-6 External Attachment Corrosion Rate 518

      Nonmandatory Appendix F Suggested Good Practice Regarding Linings 519

      F-1 General 519

      F-2 Metal Linings 519

      F-3 Paint 519

      F-4 Hydrotest Considerations for Metal Linings 519

      Nonmandatory Appendix G Suggested Good Practice Regarding Piping Reactions and Design of Supports and Attachments 520

      G-1 General 520

      G-2 Supports Considerations 520

      G-3 Vertical Vessels, Post Supported 520

      G-4 Vertical Vessels Supported at Shell 520

      G-5 Vertical Vessels, Skirt Supported 520

      G-6 Horizontal Vessel Supports 521

      G-7 Horizontal Gas Storage Tank Supports 521

      G-8 Attachments Subject to Cyclic Loading 521

      G-9 Additional References 521

      Nonmandatory Appendix H Guidance to Accommodate Loadings Produced by Deflagration 522

      H-1 Scope 522

      H-2 General 522

      H-3 Design Limitations 522

      H-4 Design Criteria 522

      H-5 References 523

      Nonmandatory Appendix K Sectioning of Welded Joints 524

      K-1 Etch Tests 524

      K-2 Closure of Openings Resulting From Sectioning 524

      K-3 Preheating 525

      Nonmandatory Appendix L Application of Rules for Joint Efficiency in Shells and Heads of Vessels With Welded Joints 526

      L-1 Vessels Under Internal Pressure 526

      Nonmandatory Appendix M Installation and Operation 531

      M-1 Introduction 531

      M-2 Corrosion 531

      M-3 Marking on the Vessel 531

      M-4 Pressure-Relieving Devices 531

      M-5 Stop Valves Located in the Relief Path 531

      M-6 Inlet Pressure Drop for High Lift, Top-Guided Safety, Safety Relief, and Pilot-Operated Pressure Relief Valves in Compressible Fluid Service 531

      M-7 Discharge Lines From Pressure Relief Devices 532

      M-8 Pressure Drop, Nonreclosing Pressure Relief Devices 532

      M-9 General Advisory Information on the Characteristics of Pressure Relief Devices Discharging Into a Common Header 532

      M-10 Pressure Differentials for Pressure Relief Valves 532

      M-11 Installation of Pressure Relief Valves 533

      M-12 Reaction Forces and Externally Applied Loads 534

      M-13 Sizing of Pressure Relief Devices for Fire Conditions 534

      M-14 Pressure-Indicating Device 534

      Nonmandatory Appendix P Basis for Establishing Allowable Stress Values for Parts UCI, UCD, and ULT Materials 535

      P-1 535

      Nonmandatory Appendix R Preheating 536

      Introduction 536

      R-1 P-No. 1 Group Nos. 1, 2, and 3 536

      R-2 P-No. 3 Group Nos. 1, 2, and 3 536

      R-3 P-No. 4 Group Nos. 1 and 2 536

      R-4 P-Nos. 5A and 5B Group No. 1 536

      R-5 P-No. 6 Group Nos. 1, 2, and 3 536

      R-6 P-No. 7 Group Nos. 1 and 2 536

      R-7 P-No. 8 Group Nos. 1 and 2 536

      R-8 P-No. 9 Groups 536

      R-9 P-No. 10 Groups 536

      R-10 P-No. 11 Groups 536

      R-11 P-No. 15E Group No. 1 537

      Nonmandatory Appendix S Design Considerations for Bolted Flange Connections 538

      S-1 Bolting 538

      Nonmandatory Appendix T Temperature Protection 540

      Nonmandatory Appendix W Guide for Preparing Manufacturer's Data Reports 541

      W-1 Guide for Preparing Manufacturer's Data Reports 541

      W-2 Guide for Preparing Supplemental Data Reports for Parts Constructed of Graphite 541

      Nonmandatory Appendix Y Flat Face Flanges With Metal-to-Metal Contact Outside the Bolt Circle 570

      Y-1 General 570

      Y-2 Materials 571

      Y-3 Notation 571

      Y-4 Bolt Loads 575

      Y-5 Classification of Assemblies and Categorization of Individual Flanges 575

      Y-6 Flange Analysis 576

      Y-7 Allowable Flange Design Stresses 581

      Y-8 Prestressing the Bolts 581

      Y-9 Estimating Flange Thicknesses and Bolting 581

      Y-10 583

      Nonmandatory Appendix EE Half-Pipe Jackets 584

      EE-1 General 584

      EE-2 Half-Pipe Jackets 584

      EE-3 Jackets With Other Geometries 584

      Nonmandatory Appendix FF Guide for the Design and Operation of Quick-Actuating and Quick-Opening Closures 589

      FF-1 Introduction 589

      FF-2 Responsibilities 589

      FF-3 Design 589

      FF-4 Installation 590

      FF-5 Maintenance 590

      FF-6 Inspection 590

      FF-7 Training 590

      FF-8 Administrative Controls 591

      Nonmandatory Appendix GG Guidance for the Use of U.S. Customary and SI Units in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code 592

      GG-1 Use of Units in Equations 592

      GG-2 Guidelines Used to Develop SI Equivalents 592

      GG-3 Soft Conversion Factors 594

      Nonmandatory Appendix HH Tube Expanding Procedures and Qualification 595

      HH-1 General 595

      HH-2 Scope 595

      HH-3 Terms and Definitions 595

      HH-4 Tube Expanding Procedure Specification (TEPS) 596

      HH-5 Tube Expanding Procedure Qualification 596

      HH-6 Tube Expanding Performance Qualification (TEPQ) 596

      HH-7 Tube Expanding Variables 596

      Nonmandatory Appendix JJ Flowcharts Illustrating Toughness Testing Requirements and Exemptions From Toughness Testing by the Rules of UHA-51 603

      JJ-1 UHA-51 Toughness Test Requirements for High Alloy Vessels 603

      Nonmandatory Appendix KK Guide for Preparing User's Design Requirements 609

      KK-1 Introduction 609

      Nonmandatory Appendix LL Graphical Representations of F_(t,min) and F_(t,max) 615

      LL-1 Scope 615

      LL-2 Conditions of Applicability 615

      Nonmandatory Appendix MM Alternative Marking and Stamping of Graphite Pressure Vessels 624

      MM-1 General Requirements 624

      MM-2 Application of the Certification Mark 624

      MM-3 Application of Characters Directly to Graphite 624

      MM-4 Acceptance Criterion 624

      Nonmandatory Appendix NN Guidance to the Responsibilities of the User and Designated Agent 625

      NN-1 Introduction 625

      NN-2 Information Regarding the "User" Designation 625

      NN-3 Information Regarding the User's "Designated Agent" 625

      NN-4 Common Scenarios Involving the "User" or "Designated Agent" Responsibilities 626

      NN-5 Examples Illustrating the NN-4 Common Scenarios Involving the "User or His Designated Agent" 626

      NN-6 Specific Code-Assigned Responsibilities 627

      Nonmandatory Appendix PP Guide to the Relocation of Overpressure Protection Requirements 634

FIGURES

UG-28 Diagrammatic Representation of Variables for Design of Cylindrical Vessels Subjected to External Pressure 21

UG-28.1 Diagrammatic Representation of Lines of Support for Design of Cylindrical Vessels Subjected to External Pressure 22

UG-29.1 Various Arrangements of Stiffening Rings for Cylindrical Vessels Subjected to External Pressure 27

UG-29.2 Maximum Arc of Shell Left Unsupported Because of Gap in Stiffening Ring of Cylindrical Shell Under External Pressure 28

UG-30 Some Acceptable Methods of Attaching Stiffening Rings 29

UG-33.1 Length L_c of Some Typical Conical Sections for External Pressure 32

UG-34 Some Acceptable Types of Unstayed Flat Heads and Covers 35

UG-36 Large Head Openings — Reverse-Curve and Conical Shell-Reducer Sections 40

UG-37 Chart for Determining Value of F, as Required in UG-37 43

UG-37.1 Nomenclature and Formulas for Reinforced Openings 44

UG-38 Minimum Depth for Flange of Flued-In Openings 45

UG-39 Openings in Flat Heads and Covers 47

UG-40 Some Representative Configurations Describing the Reinforcement Dimension t_e and the Opening Dimension d 49

UG-41.1 Nozzle Attachment Weld Loads and Weld Strength Paths to Be Considered 52

UG-42 Examples of Multiple Openings 54

UG-47 Acceptable Proportions for Ends of Stays 58

UG-53.1 Example of Tube Spacing With Pitch of Holes Equal in Every Row 60

UG-53.2 Example of Tube Spacing With Pitch of Holes Unequal in Every Second Row 60

UG-53.3 Example of Tube Spacing With Pitch of Holes Varying in Every Second and Third Row 61

UG-53.4 Example of Tube Spacing With Tube Holes on Diagonal Lines 61

UG-53.5 Diagram for Determining the Efficiency of Longitudinal and Diagonal Ligaments Between Openings in Cylindrical Shells 62

UG-53.6 Diagram for Determining Equivalent Longitudinal Efficiency of Diagonal Ligaments Between Openings in Cylindrical Shells 63

UG-80.1 Maximum Permissible Deviation From a Circular Form e for Vessels Under External Pressure 65

UG-80.2 Example of Differences Between Maximum and Minimum Inside Diameters in Cylindrical, Conical, and Spherical Shells 66

UG-84 Simple Beam Impact Test Specimens (Charpy Type Test) 67

UG-84.1 Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements for Full-Size Specimens for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels, Having a Specified Minimum Tensile Strength of Less Than 95 ksi, Listed in Table UCS-23 69

UG-84.1M Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements for Full-Size Specimens for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels, Having a Specified Minimum Tensile Strength of Less Than 655 MPa, Listed in Table UCS-23 70

UG-84.5 HAZ Impact Specimen Removal 72

UG-84.6 Location of HAZ Specimen Removal 73

UG-116 Official Certification Mark to Denote the American Society of Mechanical Engineers' Standard 87

UG-118 Form of Stamping 91

UW-3 Illustration of Welded Joint Locations Typical of Categories A, B, C, and D 100

UW-9-1 Butt Welding of Plates of Unequal Thickness 102

UW-9-2 Butt Welding of Components to Thickened Neck Nozzles 102

UW-9-3 Butt Welding With One Plate Edge Offset 104

UW-13.1 Heads Attached to Shells 107

UW-13.2 Attachment of Pressure Parts to Flat Plates to Form a Corner Joint 110

UW-13.3 Typical Pressure Parts With Butt-Welded Hubs 114

UW-13.4 Nozzle Necks Attached to Piping of Lesser Wall Thickness 115

UW-13.5 Fabricated Lap Joint Stub Ends for Lethal Service 115

UW-16.1 Some Acceptable Types of Welded Nozzles and Other Connections to Shells, Heads, etc 117

UW-16.2 Some Acceptable Types of Small Standard Fittings 123

UW-16.3 Some Acceptable Types of Small Bolting Pads 125

UW-19.1 Typical Forms of Welded Staybolts 126

UW-19.2 Use of Plug and Slot Welds for Staying Plates 127

UW-20.1 Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints Acceptable to Determine Joint Strength by Calculation 131

UW-20.2 Some Acceptable Types of Tube-to-Tubesheet Welds 132

UW-20.3 Typical Test Fixtures for Expanded or Welded Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints 133

UW-20.3 Typical Test Fixtures for Expanded or Welded Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints 136

UW-21 Welds of Socket Weld Flanges to Nozzle Necks 138

UB-14 Examples of Filler Metal Application 156

UB-16 Some Acceptable Types of Brazed Joints 157

UCS-66 Impact Test Exemption Curves 176

UCS-66M Impact Test Exemption Curves 179

UCS-66.1 Reduction in Minimum Design Metal Temperature Without Impact Testing 184

UCS-66.1M Reduction in Minimum Design Metal Temperature Without Impact Testing 185

UCS-66.2 Diagram of UCS-66 Rules for Determining Lowest Minimum Design Metal Temperature (MDMT) Without Impact Testing 186

UCS-66.3 Some Typical Vessel Details Showing the Governing Thicknesses as Defined in UCS-66 188

UHA-51-1 Weld Metal Delta Ferrite Content 216

UHT-6.1 Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements 235

UHT-6.1M Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Requirements 235

UHT-18.1 Acceptable Welded Nozzle Attachment Readily Radiographed to Code Standards 237

UHT-18.2 Acceptable Full Penetration Welded Nozzle Attachments Radiographable With Difficulty and Generally Requiring Special Techniques Including Multiple Exposures to Take Care of Thickness Variations 238

ULW-2.1 Some Acceptable Layered Shell Types 246

ULW-2.2 Some Acceptable Layered Head Types 247

ULW-17.1 Transitions of Layered Shell Sections 249

ULW-17.2 Some Acceptable Solid Head Attachments to Layered Shell Sections 250

ULW-17.3 Some Acceptable Flat Heads and Tubesheets With Hubs Joining Layered Shell Sections 252

ULW-17.4 Some Acceptable Flanges for Layered Shells 253

ULW-17.5 Some Acceptable Layered Head Attachments to Layered Shells 254

ULW-17.6 Some Acceptable Welded Joints of Layered-to-Layered and Layered-to-Solid Sections 255

ULW-18.1 Some Acceptable Nozzle Attachments in Layered Shell Sections 257

ULW-22 Some Acceptable Supports for Layered Vessels 259

ULW-32.1 Solid-to-Layered and Layered-to-Layered Test Plates 261

ULW-32.2 262

ULW-32.3 262

ULW-32.4 263

ULW-54.1 264

ULW-54.2 265

ULW-77 267

UIG-34-1 Typical Graphite Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger 284

UIG-34-2 Fixed Tubesheet Configurations 284

UIG-34-3 Floating Tubesheet Configurations 285

UIG-34-4 Tubesheet Geometry 292

UIG-36-1 Unacceptable Nozzle Attachment Details 295

UIG-36-2 Some Acceptable Nozzle Attachment Details in Impregnated Graphite Pressure Vessels 296

UIG-76-1 Tension Test Specimen 300

UIG-76-2 Cement Material Tension Test Specimen 301

UIG-76-3 Tube-to-Tubesheet Tension Test Specimen 302

UIG-76-4 Tube Cement Joint Tension Test Specimen 303

UIG-76-5 Tube Tension Test Specimen 304

UIG-76-6 Tension Test Specimen 305

1-4 Principal Dimensions of Typical Heads 324

1-6 Dished Covers With Bolting Flanges 329

1-7-1 331

1-7-2 333

2-4 Types of Flanges 341

2-7.1 Values of T, U, Y, and Z (Terms Involving K) 349

2-7.2 Values of F (Integral Flange Factors) 350

2-7.3 Values of V (Integral Flange Factors)351

2-7.4 Values of F_L (Loose Hub Flange Factors) 352

2-7.5 Values of V_L (Loose Hub Flange Factors) 352

2-7.6 Values of f (Hub Stress Correction Factor) 353

2-13.1 Reverse Flange 357

2-13.2 Loose Ring Type Reverse Flange 358

4-1 Aligned Rounded Indications 364

4-2 Groups of Aligned Rounded Indications 365

4-3 Charts for t Equal to 1/8 in. to 1/4 in. （3 mm to 6 mm)，Inclusive 366

4-4 Charts for t Over 1/4 in. to 3/8 in. (6 mm to 10 mm), Inclusive 367

4-5 Charts for t Over 3/8 in. to 3/4 in. (10 mm to 19 mm), Inclusive 367

4-6 Charts for t Over 3/4 in. to 2 in. （19 mm to 50 mm)，Inclusive 368

4-7 Charts for t Over 2 in. to 4 in. (50 mm to 100 mm), Inclusive 369

4-8 Charts for t Over 4 in. (100 mm) 370

5-1 Typical Flexible Shell Element Expansion Joints 372

5-2 Typical Nozzle Attachment Details Showing Minimum Length of Straight Flange or Outer Shell Element 373

9-2 Some Acceptable Types of Jacketed Vessels 383

9-5 Some Acceptable Types of Jacket Closures 385

9-6 Some Acceptable Types of Penetration Details 390

9-7 391

13-2(a) Vessels of Rectangular Cross Section 398

13-2(b) Vessels of Obround Cross Section 402

13-2(c) Vessel of Circular Cross Section With Central Dividing Plate 403

13-6 Plate With Multidiameter Hole Pattern 407

13-14(a) 421

13-14(b) Orientation of Panel Dimensions and Stresses 421

14-1 Integral Flat Head With Large Central Opening 427

17-1 Two Embossed Plates 433

17-2 Two Dimpled Plates 433

17-3 Embossed Plate to Plain Plate 433

17-4 Arc-Spot-Welded Two-Layer Assembly 434

17-5 Dimpled Plate Welded to Plain Plate 434

17-6 Three-Ply Assemblies 434

17-7 Single-Spot-Weld Tension Specimen, Two-Ply Joint 434

17-8 Seam-Weld Specimen for Tension and Macrosection, Two-Ply Joint 435

17-9 Single Spot-Weld Tension Specimen for Three-Ply Joint 435

17-10 Seam-Weld Specimen for Tension and Macrosection for Three-Ply Joint 435

17-11 Gas Metal Arc-Spot-Weld Block for Macrosections and Strength Tests 436

17-12 Gas Metal Arc-Spot-Weld Block for Bend Tests 437

17-13 Gas Tungsten-Arc Seam Weld, Plasma-Arc Seam Weld, Submerged-Arc Seam Weld, and Laser Beam Seam Weld Test Specimen for Bend Tests 438

17-14 439

17-15 439

17-16 Peel Test 439

17-17 Complete Penetration Welding Per 17-1(c) 440

22-1 Typical Sections of Special Seamless Vessels 445

24-1 Typical Hub and Clamp 450

24-2 Typical Clamp Lug Configurations 451

26-13 Some Typical Expansion Bellows to Weld End Details 459

26-14 Toroidal Bellows Manufacturing Tolerances 460

30-1 Thickness Ratio Versus Diameter Ratio 467

31-1 470

32-3 Nomenclature 472

32-4-1 Limits for Torispherical Head 473

32-4-2 Limits for Ellipsoidal Head 474

32-4-3 Limits for Hemispherical Head 474

32-5-1 LTA Blend Grinding 475

36-4-1 Test Specimen Arrangement 482

39-4-1 Schematic Diagram of Vacuum Apparatus 488

40-3-1 Typical Equipment (Dilometer) for Thermal Expansion Test 489

40-6-1 Typical Recording Curve in Thermal Expansion Test, △L_t =f(θ) 490

41-1-1 EIH Support Plate Gasketed With Mating Flange 492

41-4-1 Typical EIH Support Plate and Element Geometry 493

41-5-1 Some Representative Configurations Describing the Minimum Required Thickness of the EIH Support Plate Flanged Extension, h_r 494

41-7-1 Curves for the Determination of E*/E and v* (Equilateral Triangular Pattern) 496

41-7-2 Curves for the Determination of E*/E and v* (Square Pattern) 497

45-3.1-1 Typical Plate Heat Exchanger 505

45-6.1 506

K-2 Some Acceptable Types of Filler Plugs 525

L-1.4-1 Joint Efficiency and Weld Joint Type - Cylinders and Cones 527

L-1.4-2 Joint Efficiency and Weld Joint Type - Heads 528

L-1.4-3 Joint Efficiencies for Category A and D Welded Joints in Shells, Heads, or Cones 529

L-1.4-4 Joint Efficiencies for Category B and C Welded Joints in Shells or Cones 530

W-3.1 Example of the Use of Form U-4 568

Y-3.1 573

Y-3.2 Flange Dimensions and Forces 574

Y-5.1.1 Class 1 Flange Assembly (Identical Flange Pairs) 576

Y-5.1.2 Class 2 Flange Assembly 577

Y-5.1.3 Class 3 Flange Assembly 577

EE-1 NPS 2 Pipe Jacket 585

EE-2 NPS 3 Pipe Jacket 586

EE-3 NPS 4 Pipe Jacket 587

EE-4 588

EE-5 588

JJ-1.2-1 Austenitic Stainless Steel Base Metal and HAZ Toughness Testing Requirements 604

JJ-1.2-2 Welding Procedure Qualification With Toughness Testing Requirements for Austenitic Stainless Steel 605

JJ-1.2-3 Welding Consumable Pre-Use Testing Requirements for Austenitic Stainless Steel 606

JJ-1.2-4 Production Toughness Testing Requirements for Austenitic Stainless Steel 607

JJ-1.2-5 Austenitic-Ferritic Duplex, Ferritic Chromium, and Martensitic Stainless Steel Toughness Testing Requirements 608

LL-1-1 Z_v, Z_d, Z_w, and Z_m Versus X_a 616

LL-1-2 F_m Versus X_a and Q_3 (-0.8 ≤Q_3 ≤ 0）618

LL-1-3 Graphical Representation of F_(t,min) 620

LL-1-4 Graphical Representation of F_(t, max) 622

TABLES

U-3 Year of Acceptable Edition of Referenced Standards in This Division 6

U-4-1 Standard Units for Use in Equations 7

UG-33.1 Values of Spherical Radius Factor K_o for Ellipsoidal Head With Pressure on Convex Side 32

UG-37 Values of Spherical Radius Factor K_1 45

UG-43 Minimum Number of Pipe Threads for Connections 54

UG-44-1 Moment Factor, F_M 56

UG-45 Nozzle Minimum Thickness Requirements 56

UG-79-1 Equations for Calculating Forming Strains 64

UG-84.2 Charpy Impact Test Temperature Reduction Below Minimum Design Metal Temperature 71

UG-84.3 Specifications for Impact Tested Materials in Various Product Forms 71

UG-84.4 Impact Test Temperature Differential 72

UG-84.6 Required HAZ Impact Test Specimen Set Removal 73

UW-12 Maximum Allowable Joint Efficiencies for Welded Joints 106

UW-16.1 Minimum Thickness Requirements for Fittings 122

UW-20.1 Efficiencies, f_r 129

UW-33 140

UB-2 Maximum Design Temperatures for Brazing Filler Metal 154

UB-17 Recommended Joint Clearances at Brazing Temperature 157

UCS-23 Carbon and Low Alloy Steel 163

UCS-56-1 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels - P-No. 1 166

UCS-56-2 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels - P-No. 3 167

UCS-56-3 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels - P-No. 4 168

UCS-56-4 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels - P-Nos. 5A, 5B, and 5C 169

UCS-56-5 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels - P-No. 9A 170

UCS-56-6 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels - P-No. 9B 171

UCS-56-7 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels - P-No. 10A 172

UCS-56-8 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels - P-No. 10B 172

UCS-56-9 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels - P-No. 10C 173

UCS-56-11 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels - P-No. 15E 174

UCS-56.1 Alternative Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels 175

UCS-57 Thickness Above Which Full Radiographic Examination of Butt-Welded Joints Is Mandatory 175

UCS-66 Tabular Values for Figures UCS-66 and UCS-66M 182

UCS-79-1 Post-Cold-Forming Strain Limits and Heat Treatment Requirements for P-No. 15E Materials 194

UNF-23.1 Nonferrous Metals - Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Products 198

UNF-23.2 Nonferrous Metals - Copper and Copper Alloys 198

UNF-23.3 Nonferrous Metals - Nickel, Cobalt, and High Nickel Alloys 199

UNF-23.4 Nonferrous Metals - Titanium and Titanium Alloys 200

UNF-23.5 Nonferrous Metals - Zirconium 200

UNF-79 Postfabrication Strain Limits and Required Heat Treatment 203

UHA-23 High Alloy Steel 208

UHA-32-1 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for High Alloy Steels - P-No. 6 210

UHA-32-2 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for High Alloy Steels - P-No. 7 211

UHA-32-3 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for High Alloy Steels - P-No. 8 211

UHA-32-4 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for High Alloy Steels - P-No. 10H 212

UHA-32-5 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for High Alloy Steels - P-No. 10I 212

UHA-32-6 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for High Alloy Steels - P-No. 10K 212

UHA-32-7 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for High Alloy Steels - P-No. 45 213

UHA-44 Postfabrication Strain Limits and Required Heat Treatment 214

UCI-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values in Tension for Cast Iron 222

UCI-78.1 223

UCI-78.2 223

UCD-23 Maximum Allowable Stress Values in Tension for Cast Ductile Iron, ksi (MPa) 231

UCD-78.1 232

UCD-78.2 232

UHT-23 Ferritic Steels With Properties Enhanced by Heat Treatment 239

UHT-56 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Materials in Table UHT-23 241

ULT-23 V001 Maximum Allowable Stress Values in Tension for 5%, 7%, 8%, and 9% Nickel Steels; Types 304 and 316 Stainless Steels; and 5083-0 Aluminum Alloy at Cryogenic Temperatures for Welded and Nonwelded Construction 270

ULT-82 Minimum Tensile Strength Requirements for Welding Procedure Qualification Tests on Tension Specimens Conforming to Section IX, Figures QW-462.1(a) Through QW-462.1(e) 274

ULT-82M Minimum Tensile Strength Requirements for Welding Procedure Qualification Tests on Tension Specimens Conforming to Section IX, Figures QW-462.1(a) Through QW-462.1(e) 275

UHX-1.1 Paragraph Cross-Reference List 278

UHX-1.2 Reference Paragraph Cross-Reference List 278

UIG-6-1 Properties of Certified Material 282

UIG-34-1 287

UIG-34-2 Values for Determining E*/E and v* Equilateral Triangular Pattern 291

UIG-34-3 Values for Determining E*/E and v* Equilateral Square Pattern 291

UIG-34-4 Formulas for Determination of Z_d, Z_v, Z_m, Z_w, and F_m 293

UIG-34-5 Formulas for Determination of F_(t,min) and F_(t,max) 294

UIG-84-1 Test Frequency for Certified Materials 306

1-4.1 Values of Factor K 324

1-4.2 Values of Factor M 325

1-4.3 Maximum Metal Temperature 325

1-4.4 Values of Knuckle Radius, r 326

2-4 Recommended Minimum Gasket Contact Widths for Sheet and Composite Gaskets 344

2-5.1 Gasket Materials and Contact Facings 345

2-5.2 Effective Gasket Width 347

2-6 Moment Arms for Flange Loads Under Operating Conditions 348

2-7.1 Flange Factors in Formula Form 354

2-14 Flange Rigidity Factors 358

4-1 363

13-8(d) 409

13-8(e) 414

13-13(c) 420

13-18.1 424

13-18(b) 425

24-8 Allowable Design Stress for Clamp Connections 455

26-1.1 Paragraph Cross-reference List 456

26-1.2 Maximum Design Temperatures for Application of the Rules of Mandatory Appendix 26 457

26-10-1 U-Shaped Unreinforced and Reinforced Bellows Manufacturing Tolerances 457

31-1 Material Specifications 469

31-2 Composition Requirements for 21/4Cr-1Mo-1/4V Weld Metal 471

34-1 Material Specifications 476

34-2 Additional Requirements 477

44-4-1 Allowable Materials and Design Stress 501

47-5-1 Design Activities Requiring Evidence of Additional Qualifications 511

P-1 Criteria for Establishing Allowable Stress Values 535

W-3 Instructions for the Preparation of Manufacturer's Data Reports 563

W-3.1 Supplementary Instructions for the Preparation of Manufacturer's Data Reports for Layered Vessels 569

Y-6.1 Summary of Applicable Equations for Different Classes of Assemblies and Different Categories of Flanges 578

Y-9.1 Trial Flange Thickness and Area of Bolting for Various Classes of Assemblies and Flange Categories 582

QEXP-1 Instructions for Filling Out TEPS Form 599

KK-1 Instructions for the Preparation of User's Design Requirements 614

LL-1-1 Z_v, Z_d, Z_w, and Z_m Versus X_a 617

LL-1-2 F_m Versus X_a and Q_3 (-0.8 ≤ Q_3 ≤ 0.8 619

LL-1-3 Tabular Representation of F_(t,min) (v* = 0.4) 621

LL-1-4 Tabular Representation of F_(t,max) (v* = 0.4) 623

NN-6-1 Responsibilities of the User 628

NN-6-2 Matters of Agreement Between the User and the Manufacturer 629

NN-6-3 The Manufacturer's Responsibility to the User 629

NN-6-4 Recommendations to the User 630

NN-6-5 Responsibilities of the User or His Designated Agent 630

NN-6-6 Matters of Agreement Between the User or His Designated Agent and the Manufacturer 631

NN-6-7 The Manufacturer's Responsibility to the User or His Designated Agent 631

NN-6-8 Recommendations to the User or His Designated Agent 632

NN-6-9 Cautionary Advice Provided to the User 632

NN-6-10 Guidance Code to Users and Their Designated Agents 632

NN-6-11 User-Manufacturer Rules 633

FORMS

CMQ Certified Material Qualification Form 308

CCQ Certified Cement Qualification Form 315

CPQ Cementing Procedure Qualification Form 317

CTQ Cementing Technician Qualification Form 319

26-1 Specification Sheet for ASME Section VIII, Division 1 Mandatory Appendix 26 Bellows Expansion Joints 461

26-1M Specification Sheet for ASME Section VIII, Division 1 Mandatory Appendix 26 Bellows Expansion Joints 463

U-1 Manufacturer's Data Report for Pressure Vessels 542

U-1A Manufacturer's Data Report for Pressure Vessels 545

U-1B Manufacturer's Supplementary Data Report for Graphite Pressure Vessels 547

U-1P Manufacturer's Data Report for Plate Heat Exchangers 548

U-2 Manufacturer's Partial Data Report 550

U-2A Manufacturer's Partial Data Report (Alternative Form) 553

U-3 Manufacturer's Certificate of Compliance Covering Pressure Vessels to Be Stamped With the UM Designator [See U-1(j)] 555

U-3A Manufacturer's Certificate of Compliance (Alternative Form) Covering Pressure Vessels to Be Stamped With the UM Designator [See U-1(j)] 557

U-3P Manufacturer's Certificate of Compliance for Plate Heat Exchangers Covering Pressure Vessels to Be Stamped With the UM Designator [See U-1(j)] 559

U-4 Manufacturer's Data Report Supplementary Sheet 561

U-5 Manufacturer's Data Report Supplementary Sheet Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers 562

QEXP-1 Tube Expanding Procedure Specification (TEPS) 598

QEXP-2 Suggested Format for Tube-to-Tubesheet Expanding Procedure Qualification Record for Test Qualification (TEPQR) 601

U-DR-1 User's Design Requirements for Single-Chamber Pressure Vessels 610

U-DR-2 User's Design Requirements for Multichamber Pressure Vessels 612

ENDNOTES 635

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